Power Control for Multiple Panels in Radio System

ABSTRACT

A method including receiving, by a wireless device equipped with multiple panels, downlink control information (DCI) indicating one or more transmission configuration indication (TCI) states. The method including determining, based on a quantity of the one or more TCI states being greater than one, a first pathloss, for a first panel of the multiple panels based on a first pathloss reference signal (RS), and a second pathloss, for a second panel of the multiple panels based on a second pathloss RS. The method including transmitting, via at least one of the first panel and the second panel, an uplink signal with a transmission power based on the first pathloss and the second pathloss.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.16/853,856, filed Apr. 21, 2020, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/841,781, filed May 1, 2019, all of whichare hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

Examples of several of the various embodiments of the present disclosureare described herein with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example RAN architecture as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2A is a diagram of an example user plane protocol stack as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2B is a diagram of an example control plane protocol stack as peran aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example wireless device and two base stationsas per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, FIG. 4C and FIG. 4D are example diagrams for uplinkand downlink signal transmission as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 5A is a diagram of an example uplink channel mapping and exampleuplink physical signals as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 5B is a diagram of an example downlink channel mapping and exampledownlink physical signals as per an aspect of an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a diagram depicting an example transmission time or receptiontime for a carrier as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B are diagrams depicting example sets of OFDMsubcarriers as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 is a diagram depicting example OFDM radio resources as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9A is a diagram depicting an example CSI-RS and/or SS blocktransmission in a multi-beam system.

FIG. 9B is a diagram depicting an example downlink beam managementprocedure as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 is an example diagram of configured BWPs as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11A, and FIG. 11B are diagrams of an example multi connectivity asper an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 is a diagram of an example random access procedure as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 is a structure of example MAC entities as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 is a diagram of an example RAN architecture as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 is a diagram of example RRC states as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 is an example of various beam management procedures as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 17 is an example of DCI formats as per an aspect of an embodimentof the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 is an example of mapping of PUCCH resource as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 19 is an example of multiple transmission reception points (TRPs)transmission to a wireless device with multiple panels as per an aspectof an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 20 is an example of multiple TRPs transmission to a wireless devicewith multiple panels as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 21A is an example of multiple TRPs transmission to a wirelessdevice with multiple panels as per an aspect of an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 21B is an example of uplink transmission with power control to aTRP as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 22A is an example of transmission configuration indication statesets configuration as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 22B is an example of an activation\deactivation MAC CE structure asper an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 22C is an example of downlink control information indication for atransmission configuration indication state set as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 22D is an example of power control for an uplink transmission for aTRP as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 23 is an example of power control procedure for multiple TRPs asper an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 24 is an example of a flow chart of power control for multiple TRPsas per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 25 is an example of power control for an uplink transmission for aTRP as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 26 is an example of power control procedure for multiple TRPs asper an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 27 is an example of a flow chart of power control for multiple TRPsas per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 28 is an example of power control for an uplink transmission for aTRP as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 29 is an example of power control procedure for multiple TRPs asper an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 30 is an example of a flow chart of power control for multiple TRPsas per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 31 is a flow diagram of an aspect of an example embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 32 is a flow diagram of an aspect of an example embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Example embodiments of the present disclosure enable power control andmultiple panels operations of a wireless device and/or a base station.Embodiments of the technology disclosed herein may be employed in thetechnical field of power control and multiple transmission receptionpoints communication systems with scheduling multiple physical downlinkshared channel transport blocks. More particularly, the embodiments ofthe technology disclosed herein may relate to a wireless device and/or abase station in a multiple transmission reception points communicationsystem with power control and multiple panels.

The following Acronyms are used throughout the present disclosure:

3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project

5GC 5G Core Network

ACK Acknowledgement

AMF Access and Mobility Management Function

ARQ Automatic Repeat Request

AS Access Stratum

ASIC Application-Specific Integrated Circuit

BA Bandwidth Adaptation

BCCH Broadcast Control Channel

BCH Broadcast Channel

BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying

BWP Bandwidth Part

CA Carrier Aggregation

CC Component Carrier

CCCH Common Control CHannel

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access

CN Core Network

CP Cyclic Prefix

CP-OFDM Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex

C-RNTI Cell-Radio Network Temporary Identifier

CS Configured Scheduling

CSI Channel State Information

CSI-RS Channel State Information-Reference Signal

CQI Channel Quality Indicator

CSS Common Search Space

CU Central Unit

DAI Downlink Assignment Index

DC Dual Connectivity

DCCH Dedicated Control Channel

DCI Downlink Control Information

DL Downlink

DL-SCH Downlink Shared CHannel

DM-RS DeModulation Reference Signal

DRB Data Radio Bearer

DRX Discontinuous Reception

DTCH Dedicated Traffic Channel

DU Distributed Unit

EPC Evolved Packet Core

E-UTRA Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access

E-UTRAN Evolved-Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network

FDD Frequency Division Duplex

FPGA Field Programmable Gate Arrays

F1-C F1-Control plane

F1-U F1-User plane

gNB next generation Node B

HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest

HDL Hardware Description Languages

IE Information Element

IP Internet Protocol

LCID Logical Channel Identifier

LTE Long Term Evolution

MAC Media Access Control

MCG Master Cell Group

MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme

MeNB Master evolved Node B

MIB Master Information Block

MME Mobility Management Entity

MN Master Node

NACK Negative Acknowledgement

NAS Non-Access Stratum

NG CP Next Generation Control Plane

NGC Next Generation Core

NG-C NG-Control plane

ng-eNB next generation evolved Node B

NG-U NG-User plane

NR New Radio

NR MAC New Radio MAC

NR PDCP New Radio PDCP

NR PHY New Radio PHYsical

NR RLC New Radio RLC

NR RRC New Radio RRC

NSSAI Network Slice Selection Assistance Information

O&M Operation and Maintenance

OFDM orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

PBCH Physical Broadcast CHannel

PCC Primary Component Carrier

PCCH Paging Control CHannel

PCell Primary Cell

PCH Paging CHannel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control CHannel

PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared CHannel

PDU Protocol Data Unit

PHICH Physical HARQ Indicator CHannel

PHY PHYsical

PLMN Public Land Mobile Network

PMI Precoding Matrix Indicator

PRACH Physical Random Access CHannel

PRB Physical Resource Block

PSCell Primary Secondary Cell

PSS Primary Synchronization Signal

pTAG primary Timing Advance Group

PT-RS Phase Tracking Reference Signal

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control CHannel

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared CHannel

QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

QFI Quality of Service Indicator

QoS Quality of Service

QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

RA Random Access

RACH Random Access CHannel

RAN Radio Access Network

RAT Radio Access Technology

RA-RNTI Random Access-Radio Network Temporary Identifier

RB Resource Blocks

RBG Resource Block Groups

RI Rank indicator

RLC Radio Link Control

RLM Radio Link Monitoring

RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier

RRC Radio Resource Control

RRM Radio Resource Management

RS Reference Signal

RSRP Reference Signal Received Power

SCC Secondary Component Carrier

SCell Secondary Cell

SCG Secondary Cell Group

SC-FDMA Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access

SDAP Service Data Adaptation Protocol

SDU Service Data Unit

SeNB Secondary evolved Node B

SFN System Frame Number

S-GW Serving GateWay

SI System Information

SIB System Information Block

SMF Session Management Function

SN Secondary Node

SpCell Special Cell

SRB Signaling Radio Bearer

SRS Sounding Reference Signal

SS Synchronization Signal

SSS Secondary Synchronization Signal

sTAG secondary Timing Advance Group

TA Timing Advance

TAG Timing Advance Group

TAI Tracking Area Identifier

TAT Time Alignment Timer

TB Transport Block

TCI Transmission Configuration Indication

TC-RNTI Temporary Cell-Radio Network Temporary Identifier

TDD Time Division Duplex

TDMA Time Division Multiple Access

TRP Transmission Reception Point

TTI Transmission Time Interval

UCI Uplink Control Information

UE User Equipment

UL Uplink

UL-SCH Uplink Shared CHannel

UPF User Plane Function

UPGW User Plane Gateway

VHDL VHSIC Hardware Description Language

Xn-C Xn-Control plane

Xn-U Xn-User plane

Example embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented using variousphysical layer modulation and transmission mechanisms. Exampletransmission mechanisms may include, but not limited to: Code DivisionMultiple Access (CDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access(OFDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Wavelet technologies,and/or the like. Hybrid transmission mechanisms such as TDMA/CDMA, andOFDM/CDMA may also be employed. Various modulation schemes may beapplied for signal transmission in the physical layer. Examples ofmodulation schemes include, but are not limited to: phase, amplitude,code, a combination of these, and/or the like. An example radiotransmission method may implement Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)using Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying(QPSK), 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM, 1024-QAM, and/or the like. Physicalradio transmission may be enhanced by dynamically or semi-dynamicallychanging the modulation and coding scheme depending on transmissionrequirements and radio conditions.

FIG. 1 is an example Radio Access Network (RAN) architecture as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. As illustrated inthis example, a RAN node may be a next generation Node B (gNB) (e.g.120A, 120B) providing New Radio (NR) user plane and control planeprotocol terminations towards a first wireless device (e.g. 110A). In anexample, a RAN node may be a next generation evolved Node B (ng-eNB)(e.g. 120C, 120D), providing Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access(E-UTRA) user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards asecond wireless device (e.g. 110B). The first wireless device maycommunicate with a gNB over a Uu interface. The second wireless devicemay communicate with a ng-eNB over a Uu interface.

A gNB or an ng-eNB may host functions such as radio resource managementand scheduling, IP header compression, encryption and integrityprotection of data, selection of Access and Mobility Management Function(AMF) at User Equipment (UE) attachment, routing of user plane andcontrol plane data, connection setup and release, scheduling andtransmission of paging messages (originated from the AMF), schedulingand transmission of system broadcast information (originated from theAMF or Operation and Maintenance (O&M)), measurement and measurementreporting configuration, transport level packet marking in the uplink,session management, support of network slicing, Quality of Service (QoS)flow management and mapping to data radio bearers, support of UEs inRRC_INACTIVE state, distribution function for Non-Access Stratum (NAS)messages, RAN sharing, dual connectivity or tight interworking betweenNR and E-UTRA.

In an example, one or more gNBs and/or one or more ng-eNBs may beinterconnected with each other by means of Xn interface. A gNB or anng-eNB may be connected by means of NG interfaces to 5G Core Network(5GC). In an example, 5GC may comprise one or more AMF/User PlanFunction (UPF) functions (e.g. 130A or 130B). A gNB or an ng-eNB may beconnected to a UPF by means of an NG-User plane (NG-U) interface. TheNG-U interface may provide delivery (e.g. non-guaranteed delivery) ofuser plane Protocol Data Units (PDUs) between a RAN node and the UPF. AgNB or an ng-eNB may be connected to an AMF by means of an NG-Controlplane (NG-C) interface. The NG-C interface may provide functions such asNG interface management, UE context management, UE mobility management,transport of NAS messages, paging, PDU session management, configurationtransfer or warning message transmission.

In an example, a UPF may host functions such as anchor point forintra-/inter-Radio Access Technology (RAT) mobility (when applicable),external PDU session point of interconnect to data network, packetrouting and forwarding, packet inspection and user plane part of policyrule enforcement, traffic usage reporting, uplink classifier to supportrouting traffic flows to a data network, branching point to supportmulti-homed PDU session, QoS handling for user plane, e.g. packetfiltering, gating, Uplink (UL)/Downlink (DL) rate enforcement, uplinktraffic verification (e.g. Service Data Flow (SDF) to QoS flow mapping),downlink packet buffering and/or downlink data notification triggering.

In an example, an AMF may host functions such as NAS signalingtermination, NAS signaling security, Access Stratum (AS) securitycontrol, inter Core Network (CN) node signaling for mobility between3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access networks, idle modeUE reachability (e.g., control and execution of paging retransmission),registration area management, support of intra-system and inter-systemmobility, access authentication, access authorization including check ofroaming rights, mobility management control (subscription and policies),support of network slicing and/or Session Management Function (SMF)selection.

FIG. 2A is an example user plane protocol stack, where Service DataAdaptation Protocol (SDAP) (e.g. 211 and 221), Packet Data ConvergenceProtocol (PDCP) (e.g. 212 and 222), Radio Link Control (RLC) (e.g. 213and 223) and Media Access Control (MAC) (e.g. 214 and 224) sublayers andPhysical (PHY) (e.g. 215 and 225) layer may be terminated in wirelessdevice (e.g. 110) and gNB (e.g. 120) on the network side. In an example,a PHY layer provides transport services to higher layers (e.g. MAC, RRC,etc). In an example, services and functions of a MAC sublayer maycomprise mapping between logical channels and transport channels,multiplexing/demultiplexing of MAC Service Data Units (SDUs) belongingto one or different logical channels into/from Transport Blocks (TBs)delivered to/from the PHY layer, scheduling information reporting, errorcorrection through Hybrid Automatic Repeat request (HARQ) (e.g. one HARQentity per carrier in case of Carrier Aggregation (CA)), priorityhandling between UEs by means of dynamic scheduling, priority handlingbetween logical channels of one UE by means of logical channelprioritization, and/or padding. A MAC entity may support one or multiplenumerologies and/or transmission timings. In an example, mappingrestrictions in a logical channel prioritization may control whichnumerology and/or transmission timing a logical channel may use. In anexample, an RLC sublayer may supports transparent mode (TM),unacknowledged mode (UM) and acknowledged mode (AM) transmission modes.The RLC configuration may be per logical channel with no dependency onnumerologies and/or Transmission Time Interval (TTI) durations. In anexample, Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) may operate on any of thenumerologies and/or TTI durations the logical channel is configuredwith. In an example, services and functions of the PDCP layer for theuser plane may comprise sequence numbering, header compression anddecompression, transfer of user data, reordering and duplicatedetection, PDCP PDU routing (e.g. in case of split bearers),retransmission of PDCP SDUs, ciphering, deciphering and integrityprotection, PDCP SDU discard, PDCP re-establishment and data recoveryfor RLC AM, and/or duplication of PDCP PDUs. In an example, services andfunctions of SDAP may comprise mapping between a QoS flow and a dataradio bearer. In an example, services and functions of SDAP may comprisemapping Quality of Service Indicator (QFI) in DL and UL packets. In anexample, a protocol entity of SDAP may be configured for an individualPDU session.

FIG. 2B is an example control plane protocol stack where PDCP (e.g. 233and 242), RLC (e.g. 234 and 243) and MAC (e.g. 235 and 244) sublayersand PHY (e.g. 236 and 245) layer may be terminated in wireless device(e.g. 110) and gNB (e.g. 120) on a network side and perform service andfunctions described above. In an example, RRC (e.g. 232 and 241) may beterminated in a wireless device and a gNB on a network side. In anexample, services and functions of RRC may comprise broadcast of systeminformation related to AS and NAS, paging initiated by 5GC or RAN,establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between theUE and RAN, security functions including key management, establishment,configuration, maintenance and release of Signaling Radio Bearers (SRBs)and Data Radio Bearers (DRBs), mobility functions, QoS managementfunctions, UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting,detection of and recovery from radio link failure, and/or NAS messagetransfer to/from NAS from/to a UE. In an example, NAS control protocol(e.g. 231 and 251) may be terminated in the wireless device and AMF(e.g. 130) on a network side and may perform functions such asauthentication, mobility management between a UE and a AMF for 3GPPaccess and non-3GPP access, and session management between a UE and aSMF for 3GPP access and non-3GPP access.

In an example, a base station may configure a plurality of logicalchannels for a wireless device. A logical channel in the plurality oflogical channels may correspond to a radio bearer and the radio bearermay be associated with a QoS requirement. In an example, a base stationmay configure a logical channel to be mapped to one or moreTTIs/numerologies in a plurality of TTIs/numerologies. The wirelessdevice may receive a Downlink Control Information (DCI) via PhysicalDownlink Control CHannel (PDCCH) indicating an uplink grant. In anexample, the uplink grant may be for a first TTI/numerology and mayindicate uplink resources for transmission of a transport block. Thebase station may configure each logical channel in the plurality oflogical channels with one or more parameters to be used by a logicalchannel prioritization procedure at the MAC layer of the wirelessdevice. The one or more parameters may comprise priority, prioritizedbit rate, etc. A logical channel in the plurality of logical channelsmay correspond to one or more buffers comprising data associated withthe logical channel. The logical channel prioritization procedure mayallocate the uplink resources to one or more first logical channels inthe plurality of logical channels and/or one or more MAC ControlElements (CEs). The one or more first logical channels may be mapped tothe first TTI/numerology. The MAC layer at the wireless device maymultiplex one or more media access control control elements (MAC CEs)and/or one or more MAC SDUs (e.g., logical channel) in a MAC PDU (e.g.,transport block). In an example, the MAC PDU may comprise a MAC headercomprising a plurality of MAC sub-headers. A MAC sub-header in theplurality of MAC sub-headers may correspond to a MAC CE or a MAC SUD(logical channel) in the one or more MAC CEs and/or one or more MACSDUs. In an example, a MAC CE or a logical channel may be configuredwith a Logical Channel IDentifier (LCID). In an example, LCID for alogical channel or a MAC CE may be fixed/pre-configured. In an example,LCID for a logical channel or MAC CE may be configured for the wirelessdevice by the base station. The MAC sub-header corresponding to a MAC CEor a MAC SDU may comprise LCID associated with the MAC CE or the MACSDU.

In an example, a base station may activate and/or deactivate and/orimpact one or more processes (e.g., set values of one or more parametersof the one or more processes or start and/or stop one or more timers ofthe one or more processes) at the wireless device by employing one ormore MAC commands. The one or more MAC commands may comprise one or moreMAC control elements. In an example, the one or more processes maycomprise activation and/or deactivation of PDCP packet duplication forone or more radio bearers. The base station may transmit a MAC CEcomprising one or more fields, the values of the fields indicatingactivation and/or deactivation of PDCP duplication for the one or moreradio bearers. In an example, the one or more processes may compriseChannel State Information (CSI) transmission of on one or more cells.The base station may transmit one or more MAC CEs indicating activationand/or deactivation of the CSI transmission on the one or more cells. Inan example, the one or more processes may comprise activation ordeactivation of one or more secondary cells. In an example, the basestation may transmit a MA CE indicating activation or deactivation ofone or more secondary cells. In an example, the base station maytransmit one or more MAC CEs indicating starting and/or stopping one ormore Discontinuous Reception (DRX) timers at the wireless device. In anexample, the base station may transmit one or more MAC CEs indicatingone or more timing advance values for one or more Timing Advance Groups(TAGs).

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of base stations (base station 1, 120A, andbase station 2, 120B) and a wireless device 110. A wireless device maybe called an UE. A base station may be called a NB, eNB, gNB, and/orng-eNB. In an example, a wireless device and/or a base station may actas a relay node. The base station 1, 120A, may comprise at least onecommunication interface 320A (e.g. a wireless modem, an antenna, a wiredmodem, and/or the like), at least one processor 321A, and at least oneset of program code instructions 323A stored in non-transitory memory322A and executable by the at least one processor 321A. The base station2, 120B, may comprise at least one communication interface 320B, atleast one processor 321B, and at least one set of program codeinstructions 323B stored in non-transitory memory 322B and executable bythe at least one processor 321B.

A base station may comprise many sectors for example: 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6sectors. A base station may comprise many cells, for example, rangingfrom 1 to 50 cells or more. A cell may be categorized, for example, as aprimary cell or secondary cell. At Radio Resource Control (RRC)connection establishment/re-establishment/handover, one serving cell mayprovide the NAS (non-access stratum) mobility information (e.g. TrackingArea Identifier (TAI)). At RRC connection re-establishment/handover, oneserving cell may provide the security input. This cell may be referredto as the Primary Cell (PCell). In the downlink, a carrier correspondingto the PCell may be a DL Primary Component Carrier (PCC), while in theuplink, a carrier may be an UL PCC. Depending on wireless devicecapabilities, Secondary Cells (SCells) may be configured to formtogether with a PCell a set of serving cells. In a downlink, a carriercorresponding to an SCell may be a downlink secondary component carrier(DL SCC), while in an uplink, a carrier may be an uplink secondarycomponent carrier (UL SCC). An SCell may or may not have an uplinkcarrier.

A cell, comprising a downlink carrier and optionally an uplink carrier,may be assigned a physical cell ID and a cell index. A carrier (downlinkor uplink) may belong to one cell. The cell ID or cell index may alsoidentify the downlink carrier or uplink carrier of the cell (dependingon the context it is used). In the disclosure, a cell ID may be equallyreferred to a carrier ID, and a cell index may be referred to a carrierindex. In an implementation, a physical cell ID or a cell index may beassigned to a cell. A cell ID may be determined using a synchronizationsignal transmitted on a downlink carrier. A cell index may be determinedusing RRC messages. For example, when the disclosure refers to a firstphysical cell ID for a first downlink carrier, the disclosure may meanthe first physical cell ID is for a cell comprising the first downlinkcarrier. The same concept may apply to, for example, carrier activation.When the disclosure indicates that a first carrier is activated, thespecification may equally mean that a cell comprising the first carrieris activated.

A base station may transmit to a wireless device one or more messages(e.g. RRC messages) comprising a plurality of configuration parametersfor one or more cells. One or more cells may comprise at least oneprimary cell and at least one secondary cell. In an example, an RRCmessage may be broadcasted or unicasted to the wireless device. In anexample, configuration parameters may comprise common parameters anddedicated parameters.

Services and/or functions of an RRC sublayer may comprise at least oneof: broadcast of system information related to AS and NAS; paginginitiated by 5GC and/or NG-RAN; establishment, maintenance, and/orrelease of an RRC connection between a wireless device and NG-RAN, whichmay comprise at least one of addition, modification and release ofcarrier aggregation; or addition, modification, and/or release of dualconnectivity in NR or between E-UTRA and NR. Services and/or functionsof an RRC sublayer may further comprise at least one of securityfunctions comprising key management; establishment, configuration,maintenance, and/or release of Signaling Radio Bearers (SRBs) and/orData Radio Bearers (DRBs); mobility functions which may comprise atleast one of a handover (e.g. intra NR mobility or inter-RAT mobility)and a context transfer; or a wireless device cell selection andreselection and control of cell selection and reselection. Servicesand/or functions of an RRC sublayer may further comprise at least one ofQoS management functions; a wireless device measurementconfiguration/reporting; detection of and/or recovery from radio linkfailure; or NAS message transfer to/from a core network entity (e.g.AMF, Mobility Management Entity (MME)) from/to the wireless device.

An RRC sublayer may support an RRC_Idle state, an RRC_Inactive stateand/or an RRC_Connected state for a wireless device. In an RRC_Idlestate, a wireless device may perform at least one of: Public Land MobileNetwork (PLMN) selection; receiving broadcasted system information; cellselection/re-selection; monitoring/receiving a paging for mobileterminated data initiated by 5GC; paging for mobile terminated data areamanaged by 5GC; or DRX for CN paging configured via NAS. In anRRC_Inactive state, a wireless device may perform at least one of:receiving broadcasted system information; cell selection/re-selection;monitoring/receiving a RAN/CN paging initiated by NG-RAN/5GC; RAN-basednotification area (RNA) managed by NG-RAN; or DRX for RAN/CN pagingconfigured by NG-RAN/NAS. In an RRC_Idle state of a wireless device, abase station (e.g. NG-RAN) may keep a 5GC-NG-RAN connection (bothC/U-planes) for the wireless device; and/or store a UE AS context forthe wireless device. In an RRC_Connected state of a wireless device, abase station (e.g. NG-RAN) may perform at least one of: establishment of5GC-NG-RAN connection (both C/U-planes) for the wireless device; storinga UE AS context for the wireless device; transmit/receive of unicastdata to/from the wireless device; or network-controlled mobility basedon measurement results received from the wireless device. In anRRC_Connected state of a wireless device, an NG-RAN may know a cell thatthe wireless device belongs to.

System information (SI) may be divided into minimum SI and other SI. Theminimum SI may be periodically broadcast. The minimum SI may comprisebasic information required for initial access and information foracquiring any other SI broadcast periodically or provisioned on-demand,i.e. scheduling information. The other SI may either be broadcast, or beprovisioned in a dedicated manner, either triggered by a network or uponrequest from a wireless device. A minimum SI may be transmitted via twodifferent downlink channels using different messages (e.g.MasterInformationBlock and SystemInformationBlockType1). Another SI maybe transmitted via SystemInformationBlockType2. For a wireless device inan RRC_Connected state, dedicated RRC signalling may be employed for therequest and delivery of the other SI. For the wireless device in theRRC_Idle state and/or the RRC_Inactive state, the request may trigger arandom-access procedure.

A wireless device may report its radio access capability informationwhich may be static. A base station may request what capabilities for awireless device to report based on band information. When allowed by anetwork, a temporary capability restriction request may be sent by thewireless device to signal the limited availability of some capabilities(e.g. due to hardware sharing, interference or overheating) to the basestation. The base station may confirm or reject the request. Thetemporary capability restriction may be transparent to 5GC (e.g., staticcapabilities may be stored in 5GC).

When CA is configured, a wireless device may have an RRC connection witha network. At RRC connection establishment/re-establishment/handoverprocedure, one serving cell may provide NAS mobility information, and atRRC connection re-establishment/handover, one serving cell may provide asecurity input. This cell may be referred to as the PCell. Depending onthe capabilities of the wireless device, SCells may be configured toform together with the PCell a set of serving cells. The configured setof serving cells for the wireless device may comprise one PCell and oneor more SCells.

The reconfiguration, addition and removal of SCells may be performed byRRC. At intra-NR handover, RRC may also add, remove, or reconfigureSCells for usage with the target PCell. When adding a new SCell,dedicated RRC signalling may be employed to send all required systeminformation of the SCell i.e. while in connected mode, wireless devicesmay not need to acquire broadcasted system information directly from theSCells.

The purpose of an RRC connection reconfiguration procedure may be tomodify an RRC connection, (e.g. to establish, modify and/or release RBs,to perform handover, to setup, modify, and/or release measurements, toadd, modify, and/or release SCells and cell groups). As part of the RRCconnection reconfiguration procedure, NAS dedicated information may betransferred from the network to the wireless device. TheRRCConnectionReconfiguration message may be a command to modify an RRCconnection. It may convey information for measurement configuration,mobility control, radio resource configuration (e.g. RBs, MAC mainconfiguration and physical channel configuration) comprising anyassociated dedicated NAS information and security configuration. If thereceived RRC Connection Reconfiguration message includes thesCellToReleaseList, the wireless device may perform an SCell release. Ifthe received RRC Connection Reconfiguration message includes thesCellToAddModList, the wireless device may perform SCell additions ormodification.

An RRC connection establishment (or reestablishment, resume) proceduremay be to establish (or reestablish, resume) an RRC connection. an RRCconnection establishment procedure may comprise SRB1 establishment. TheRRC connection establishment procedure may be used to transfer theinitial NAS dedicated information/message from a wireless device toE-UTRAN. The RRCConnectionReestablishment message may be used tore-establish SRB1.

A measurement report procedure may be to transfer measurement resultsfrom a wireless device to NG-RAN. The wireless device may initiate ameasurement report procedure after successful security activation. Ameasurement report message may be employed to transmit measurementresults.

The wireless device 110 may comprise at least one communicationinterface 310 (e.g. a wireless modem, an antenna, and/or the like), atleast one processor 314, and at least one set of program codeinstructions 316 stored in non-transitory memory 315 and executable bythe at least one processor 314. The wireless device 110 may furthercomprise at least one of at least one speaker/microphone 311, at leastone keypad 312, at least one display/touchpad 313, at least one powersource 317, at least one global positioning system (GPS) chipset 318,and other peripherals 319.

The processor 314 of the wireless device 110, the processor 321A of thebase station 1 120A, and/or the processor 321B of the base station 2120B may comprise at least one of a general-purpose processor, a digitalsignal processor (DSP), a controller, a microcontroller, an applicationspecific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array(FPGA) and/or other programmable logic device, discrete gate and/ortransistor logic, discrete hardware components, and the like. Theprocessor 314 of the wireless device 110, the processor 321A in basestation 1 120A, and/or the processor 321B in base station 2 120B mayperform at least one of signal coding/processing, data processing, powercontrol, input/output processing, and/or any other functionality thatmay enable the wireless device 110, the base station 1 120A and/or thebase station 2 120B to operate in a wireless environment.

The processor 314 of the wireless device 110 may be connected to thespeaker/microphone 311, the keypad 312, and/or the display/touchpad 313.The processor 314 may receive user input data from and/or provide useroutput data to the speaker/microphone 311, the keypad 312, and/or thedisplay/touchpad 313. The processor 314 in the wireless device 110 mayreceive power from the power source 317 and/or may be configured todistribute the power to the other components in the wireless device 110.The power source 317 may comprise at least one of one or more dry cellbatteries, solar cells, fuel cells, and the like. The processor 314 maybe connected to the GPS chipset 318. The GPS chipset 318 may beconfigured to provide geographic location information of the wirelessdevice 110.

The processor 314 of the wireless device 110 may further be connected toother peripherals 319, which may comprise one or more software and/orhardware modules that provide additional features and/orfunctionalities. For example, the peripherals 319 may comprise at leastone of an accelerometer, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera, auniversal serial bus (USB) port, a hands-free headset, a frequencymodulated (FM) radio unit, a media player, an Internet browser, and thelike.

The communication interface 320A of the base station 1, 120A, and/or thecommunication interface 320B of the base station 2, 120B, may beconfigured to communicate with the communication interface 310 of thewireless device 110 via a wireless link 330A and/or a wireless link 330Brespectively. In an example, the communication interface 320A of thebase station 1, 120A, may communicate with the communication interface320B of the base station 2 and other RAN and core network nodes.

The wireless link 330A and/or the wireless link 330B may comprise atleast one of a bi-directional link and/or a directional link. Thecommunication interface 310 of the wireless device 110 may be configuredto communicate with the communication interface 320A of the base station1 120A and/or with the communication interface 320B of the base station2 120B. The base station 1 120A and the wireless device 110 and/or thebase station 2 120B and the wireless device 110 may be configured tosend and receive transport blocks via the wireless link 330A and/or viathe wireless link 330B, respectively. The wireless link 330A and/or thewireless link 330B may employ at least one frequency carrier. Accordingto some of various aspects of embodiments, transceiver(s) may beemployed. A transceiver may be a device that comprises both atransmitter and a receiver. Transceivers may be employed in devices suchas wireless devices, base stations, relay nodes, and/or the like.Example embodiments for radio technology implemented in thecommunication interface 310, 320A, 320B and the wireless link 330A, 330Bare illustrated in FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, FIG. 4C, FIG. 4D, FIG. 6, FIG. 7A,FIG. 7B, FIG. 8, and associated text.

In an example, other nodes in a wireless network (e.g. AMF, UPF, SMF,etc) may comprise one or more communication interfaces, one or moreprocessors, and memory storing instructions.

A node (e.g. wireless device, base station, AMF, SMF, UPF, servers,switches, antennas, and/or the like) may comprise one or moreprocessors, and memory storing instructions that when executed by theone or more processors causes the node to perform certain processesand/or functions. Example embodiments may enable operation ofsingle-carrier and/or multi-carrier communications. Other exampleembodiments may comprise a non-transitory tangible computer readablemedia comprising instructions executable by one or more processors tocause operation of single-carrier and/or multi-carrier communications.Yet other example embodiments may comprise an article of manufacturethat comprises a non-transitory tangible computer readablemachine-accessible medium having instructions encoded thereon forenabling programmable hardware to cause a node to enable operation ofsingle-carrier and/or multi-carrier communications. The node may includeprocessors, memory, interfaces, and/or the like.

An interface may comprise at least one of a hardware interface, afirmware interface, a software interface, and/or a combination thereof.The hardware interface may comprise connectors, wires, electronicdevices such as drivers, amplifiers, and/or the like. The softwareinterface may comprise code stored in a memory device to implementprotocol(s), protocol layers, communication drivers, device drivers,combinations thereof, and/or the like. The firmware interface maycomprise a combination of embedded hardware and code stored in and/or incommunication with a memory device to implement connections, electronicdevice operations, protocol(s), protocol layers, communication drivers,device drivers, hardware operations, combinations thereof, and/or thelike.

FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, FIG. 4C and FIG. 4D are example diagrams for uplinkand downlink signal transmission as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. FIG. 4A shows an example uplink transmitter forat least one physical channel. A baseband signal representing a physicaluplink shared channel may perform one or more functions. The one or morefunctions may comprise at least one of: scrambling; modulation ofscrambled bits to generate complex-valued symbols; mapping of thecomplex-valued modulation symbols onto one or several transmissionlayers; transform precoding to generate complex-valued symbols;precoding of the complex-valued symbols; mapping of precodedcomplex-valued symbols to resource elements; generation ofcomplex-valued time-domain Single Carrier-Frequency Division MultipleAccess (SC-FDMA) or CP-OFDM signal for an antenna port; and/or the like.In an example, when transform precoding is enabled, a SC-FDMA signal foruplink transmission may be generated. In an example, when transformprecoding is not enabled, an CP-OFDM signal for uplink transmission maybe generated by FIG. 4A. These functions are illustrated as examples andit is anticipated that other mechanisms may be implemented in variousembodiments.

An example structure for modulation and up-conversion to the carrierfrequency of the complex-valued SC-FDMA or CP-OFDM baseband signal foran antenna port and/or the complex-valued Physical Random Access CHannel(PRACH) baseband signal is shown in FIG. 4B. Filtering may be employedprior to transmission.

An example structure for downlink transmissions is shown in FIG. 4C. Thebaseband signal representing a downlink physical channel may perform oneor more functions. The one or more functions may comprise: scrambling ofcoded bits in a codeword to be transmitted on a physical channel;modulation of scrambled bits to generate complex-valued modulationsymbols; mapping of the complex-valued modulation symbols onto one orseveral transmission layers; precoding of the complex-valued modulationsymbols on a layer for transmission on the antenna ports; mapping ofcomplex-valued modulation symbols for an antenna port to resourceelements; generation of complex-valued time-domain OFDM signal for anantenna port; and/or the like. These functions are illustrated asexamples and it is anticipated that other mechanisms may be implementedin various embodiments.

In an example, a gNB may transmit a first symbol and a second symbol onan antenna port, to a wireless device. The wireless device may infer thechannel (e.g., fading gain, multipath delay, etc.) for conveying thesecond symbol on the antenna port, from the channel for conveying thefirst symbol on the antenna port. In an example, a first antenna portand a second antenna port may be quasi co-located if one or morelarge-scale properties of the channel over which a first symbol on thefirst antenna port is conveyed may be inferred from the channel overwhich a second symbol on a second antenna port is conveyed. The one ormore large-scale properties may comprise at least one of: delay spread;doppler spread; doppler shift; average gain; average delay; and/orspatial Receiving (Rx) parameters.

An example modulation and up-conversion to the carrier frequency of thecomplex-valued OFDM baseband signal for an antenna port is shown in FIG.4D. Filtering may be employed prior to transmission.

FIG. 5A is a diagram of an example uplink channel mapping and exampleuplink physical signals. FIG. 5B is a diagram of an example downlinkchannel mapping and a downlink physical signals. In an example, aphysical layer may provide one or more information transfer services toa MAC and/or one or more higher layers. For example, the physical layermay provide the one or more information transfer services to the MAC viaone or more transport channels. An information transfer service mayindicate how and with what characteristics data are transferred over theradio interface.

In an example embodiment, a radio network may comprise one or moredownlink and/or uplink transport channels. For example, a diagram inFIG. 5A shows example uplink transport channels comprising Uplink-SharedCHannel (UL-SCH) 501 and Random Access CHannel (RACH) 502. A diagram inFIG. 5B shows example downlink transport channels comprisingDownlink-Shared CHannel (DL-SCH) 511, Paging CHannel (PCH) 512, andBroadcast CHannel (BCH) 513. A transport channel may be mapped to one ormore corresponding physical channels. For example, UL-SCH 501 may bemapped to Physical Uplink Shared CHannel (PUSCH) 503. RACH 502 may bemapped to PRACH 505. DL-SCH 511 and PCH 512 may be mapped to PhysicalDownlink Shared CHannel (PDSCH) 514. BCH 513 may be mapped to PhysicalBroadcast CHannel (PBCH) 516.

There may be one or more physical channels without a correspondingtransport channel. The one or more physical channels may be employed forUplink Control Information (UCI) 509 and/or Downlink Control Information(DCI) 517. For example, Physical Uplink Control CHannel (PUCCH) 504 maycarry UCI 509 from a UE to a base station. For example, PhysicalDownlink Control CHannel (PDCCH) 515 may carry DCI 517 from a basestation to a UE. NR may support UCI 509 multiplexing in PUSCH 503 whenUCI 509 and PUSCH 503 transmissions may coincide in a slot at least inpart. The UCI 509 may comprise at least one of CSI, Acknowledgement(ACK)/Negative Acknowledgement (NACK), and/or scheduling request. TheDCI 517 on PDCCH 515 may indicate at least one of following: one or moredownlink assignments and/or one or more uplink scheduling grants

In uplink, a UE may transmit one or more Reference Signals (RSs) to abase station. For example, the one or more RSs may be at least one ofDemodulation-RS (DM-RS) 506, Phase Tracking-RS (PT-RS) 507, and/orSounding RS (SRS) 508. In downlink, a base station may transmit (e.g.,unicast, multicast, and/or broadcast) one or more RSs to a UE. Forexample, the one or more RSs may be at least one of PrimarySynchronization Signal (PSS)/Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) 521,CSI-RS 522, DM-RS 523, and/or PT-RS 524.

In an example, a UE may transmit one or more uplink DM-RSs 506 to a basestation for channel estimation, for example, for coherent demodulationof one or more uplink physical channels (e.g., PUSCH 503 and/or PUCCH504). For example, a UE may transmit a base station at least one uplinkDM-RS 506 with PUSCH 503 and/or PUCCH 504, wherein the at least oneuplink DM-RS 506 may be spanning a same frequency range as acorresponding physical channel. In an example, a base station mayconfigure a UE with one or more uplink DM-RS configurations. At leastone DM-RS configuration may support a front-loaded DM-RS pattern. Afront-loaded DM-RS may be mapped over one or more OFDM symbols (e.g., 1or 2 adjacent OFDM symbols). One or more additional uplink DM-RS may beconfigured to transmit at one or more symbols of a PUSCH and/or PUCCH. Abase station may semi-statistically configure a UE with a maximum numberof front-loaded DM-RS symbols for PUSCH and/or PUCCH. For example, a UEmay schedule a single-symbol DM-RS and/or double symbol DM-RS based on amaximum number of front-loaded DM-RS symbols, wherein a base station mayconfigure the UE with one or more additional uplink DM-RS for PUSCHand/or PUCCH. A new radio network may support, e.g., at least forCP-OFDM, a common DM-RS structure for DL and UL, wherein a DM-RSlocation, DM-RS pattern, and/or scrambling sequence may be same ordifferent.

In an example, whether uplink PT-RS 507 is present or not may depend ona RRC configuration. For example, a presence of uplink PT-RS may beUE-specifically configured. For example, a presence and/or a pattern ofuplink PT-RS 507 in a scheduled resource may be UE-specificallyconfigured by a combination of RRC signaling and/or association with oneor more parameters employed for other purposes (e.g., Modulation andCoding Scheme (MCS)) which may be indicated by DCI. When configured, adynamic presence of uplink PT-RS 507 may be associated with one or moreDCI parameters comprising at least MCS. A radio network may supportplurality of uplink PT-RS densities defined in time/frequency domain.When present, a frequency domain density may be associated with at leastone configuration of a scheduled bandwidth. A UE may assume a sameprecoding for a DMRS port and a PT-RS port. A number of PT-RS ports maybe fewer than a number of DM-RS ports in a scheduled resource. Forexample, uplink PT-RS 507 may be confined in the scheduledtime/frequency duration for a UE.

In an example, a UE may transmit SRS 508 to a base station for channelstate estimation to support uplink channel dependent scheduling and/orlink adaptation. For example, SRS 508 transmitted by a UE may allow fora base station to estimate an uplink channel state at one or moredifferent frequencies. A base station scheduler may employ an uplinkchannel state to assign one or more resource blocks of good quality foran uplink PUSCH transmission from a UE. A base station maysemi-statistically configure a UE with one or more SRS resource sets.For an SRS resource set, a base station may configure a UE with one ormore SRS resources. An SRS resource set applicability may be configuredby a higher layer (e.g., RRC) parameter. For example, when a higherlayer parameter indicates beam management, a SRS resource in each of oneor more SRS resource sets may be transmitted at a time instant. A UE maytransmit one or more SRS resources in different SRS resource setssimultaneously. A new radio network may support aperiodic, periodicand/or semi-persistent SRS transmissions. A UE may transmit SRSresources based on one or more trigger types, wherein the one or moretrigger types may comprise higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC) and/or oneor more DCI formats (e.g., at least one DCI format may be employed for aUE to select at least one of one or more configured SRS resource sets.An SRS trigger type 0 may refer to an SRS triggered based on a higherlayer signaling. An SRS trigger type 1 may refer to an SRS triggeredbased on one or more DCI formats. In an example, when PUSCH 503 and SRS508 are transmitted in a same slot, a UE may be configured to transmitSRS 508 after a transmission of PUSCH 503 and corresponding uplink DM-RS506.

In an example, a base station may semi-statistically configure a UE withone or more SRS configuration parameters indicating at least one offollowing: a SRS resource configuration identifier, a number of SRSports, time domain behavior of SRS resource configuration (e.g., anindication of periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic SRS), slot(mini-slot, and/or subframe) level periodicity and/or offset for aperiodic and/or aperiodic SRS resource, a number of OFDM symbols in aSRS resource, starting OFDM symbol of a SRS resource, a SRS bandwidth, afrequency hopping bandwidth, a cyclic shift, and/or a SRS sequence ID.

In an example, in a time domain, an SS/PBCH block may comprise one ormore OFDM symbols (e.g., 4 OFDM symbols numbered in increasing orderfrom 0 to 3) within the SS/PBCH block. An SS/PBCH block may comprisePSS/SSS 521 and PBCH 516. In an example, in the frequency domain, anSS/PBCH block may comprise one or more contiguous subcarriers (e.g., 240contiguous subcarriers with the subcarriers numbered in increasing orderfrom 0 to 239) within the SS/PBCH block. For example, a PSS/SSS 521 mayoccupy 1 OFDM symbol and 127 subcarriers. For example, PBCH 516 may spanacross 3 OFDM symbols and 240 subcarriers. A UE may assume that one ormore SS/PBCH blocks transmitted with a same block index may be quasico-located, e.g., with respect to Doppler spread, Doppler shift, averagegain, average delay, and spatial Rx parameters. A UE may not assumequasi co-location for other SS/PBCH block transmissions. A periodicityof an SS/PBCH block may be configured by a radio network (e.g., by anRRC signaling) and one or more time locations where the SS/PBCH blockmay be sent may be determined by sub-carrier spacing. In an example, aUE may assume a band-specific sub-carrier spacing for an SS/PBCH blockunless a radio network has configured a UE to assume a differentsub-carrier spacing.

In an example, downlink CSI-RS 522 may be employed for a UE to acquirechannel state information. A radio network may support periodic,aperiodic, and/or semi-persistent transmission of downlink CSI-RS 522.For example, a base station may semi-statistically configure and/orreconfigure a UE with periodic transmission of downlink CSI-RS 522. Aconfigured CSI-RS resources may be activated ad/or deactivated. Forsemi-persistent transmission, an activation and/or deactivation ofCSI-RS resource may be triggered dynamically. In an example, CSI-RSconfiguration may comprise one or more parameters indicating at least anumber of antenna ports. For example, a base station may configure a UEwith 32 ports. A base station may semi-statistically configure a UE withone or more CSI-RS resource sets. One or more CSI-RS resources may beallocated from one or more CSI-RS resource sets to one or more UEs. Forexample, a base station may semi-statistically configure one or moreparameters indicating CSI RS resource mapping, for example, time-domainlocation of one or more CSI-RS resources, a bandwidth of a CSI-RSresource, and/or a periodicity. In an example, a UE may be configured toemploy a same OFDM symbols for downlink CSI-RS 522 and control resourceset (coreset) when the downlink CSI-RS 522 and coreset are spatiallyquasi co-located and resource elements associated with the downlinkCSI-RS 522 are the outside of PRBs configured for coreset. In anexample, a UE may be configured to employ a same OFDM symbols fordownlink CSI-RS 522 and SS/PBCH blocks when the downlink CSI-RS 522 andSS/PBCH blocks are spatially quasi co-located and resource elementsassociated with the downlink CSI-RS 522 are the outside of PRBsconfigured for SS/PBCH blocks.

In an example, a UE may transmit one or more downlink DM-RSs 523 to abase station for channel estimation, for example, for coherentdemodulation of one or more downlink physical channels (e.g., PDSCH514). For example, a radio network may support one or more variableand/or configurable DM-RS patterns for data demodulation. At least onedownlink DM-RS configuration may support a front-loaded DM-RS pattern. Afront-loaded DM-RS may be mapped over one or more OFDM symbols (e.g., 1or 2 adjacent OFDM symbols). A base station may semi-statisticallyconfigure a UE with a maximum number of front-loaded DM-RS symbols forPDSCH 514. For example, a DM-RS configuration may support one or moreDM-RS ports. For example, for single user-MIMO, a DM-RS configurationmay support at least 8 orthogonal downlink DM-RS ports. For example, formultiuser-MIMO, a DM-RS configuration may support 12 orthogonal downlinkDM-RS ports. A radio network may support, e.g., at least for CP-OFDM, acommon DM-RS structure for DL and UL, wherein a DM-RS location, DM-RSpattern, and/or scrambling sequence may be same or different.

In an example, whether downlink PT-RS 524 is present or not may dependon a RRC configuration. For example, a presence of downlink PT-RS 524may be UE-specifically configured. For example, a presence and/or apattern of downlink PT-RS 524 in a scheduled resource may beUE-specifically configured by a combination of RRC signaling and/orassociation with one or more parameters employed for other purposes(e.g., MCS) which may be indicated by DCI. When configured, a dynamicpresence of downlink PT-RS 524 may be associated with one or more DCIparameters comprising at least MCS. A radio network may supportplurality of PT-RS densities defined in time/frequency domain. Whenpresent, a frequency domain density may be associated with at least oneconfiguration of a scheduled bandwidth. A UE may assume a same precodingfor a DMRS port and a PT-RS port. A number of PT-RS ports may be fewerthan a number of DM-RS ports in a scheduled resource. For example,downlink PT-RS 524 may be confined in the scheduled time/frequencyduration for a UE.

FIG. 6 is a diagram depicting an example transmission time and receptiontime for a carrier as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure. A multicarrier OFDM communication system may include one ormore carriers, for example, ranging from 1 to 32 carriers, in case ofcarrier aggregation, or ranging from 1 to 64 carriers, in case of dualconnectivity. Different radio frame structures may be supported (e.g.,for FDD and for TDD duplex mechanisms). FIG. 6 shows an example frametiming. Downlink and uplink transmissions may be organized into radioframes 601. In this example, radio frame duration is 10 ms. In thisexample, a 10 ms radio frame 601 may be divided into ten equally sizedsubframes 602 with 1 ms duration. Subframe(s) may comprise one or moreslots (e.g. slots 603 and 605) depending on subcarrier spacing and/or CPlength. For example, a subframe with 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz,240 kHz and 480 kHz subcarrier spacing may comprise one, two, four,eight, sixteen and thirty-two slots, respectively. In FIG. 6, a subframemay be divided into two equally sized slots 603 with 0.5 ms duration.For example, 10 subframes may be available for downlink transmission and10 subframes may be available for uplink transmissions in a 10 msinterval. Uplink and downlink transmissions may be separated in thefrequency domain. Slot(s) may include a plurality of OFDM symbols 604.The number of OFDM symbols 604 in a slot 605 may depend on the cyclicprefix length. For example, a slot may be 14 OFDM symbols for the samesubcarrier spacing of up to 480 kHz with normal CP. A slot may be 12OFDM symbols for the same subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz with extended CP.A slot may contain downlink, uplink, or a downlink part and an uplinkpart and/or alike.

FIG. 7A is a diagram depicting example sets of OFDM subcarriers as peran aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the example, agNB may communicate with a wireless device with a carrier with anexample channel bandwidth. Arrow(s) in the diagram may depict asubcarrier in a multicarrier OFDM system. The OFDM system may usetechnology such as OFDM technology, SC-FDMA technology, and/or the like.In an example, an arrow 701 shows a subcarrier transmitting informationsymbols. In an example, a subcarrier spacing 702, between two contiguoussubcarriers in a carrier, may be any one of 15 KHz, 30 KHz, 60 KHz, 120KHz, 240 KHz etc. In an example, different subcarrier spacing maycorrespond to different transmission numerologies. In an example, atransmission numerology may comprise at least: a numerology index; avalue of subcarrier spacing; a type of cyclic prefix (CP). In anexample, a gNB may transmit to/receive from a UE on a number ofsubcarriers 703 in a carrier. In an example, a bandwidth occupied by anumber of subcarriers 703 (transmission bandwidth) may be smaller thanthe channel bandwidth 700 of a carrier, due to guard band 704 and 705.In an example, a guard band 704 and 705 may be used to reduceinterference to and from one or more neighbor carriers. A number ofsubcarriers (transmission bandwidth) in a carrier may depend on thechannel bandwidth of the carrier and the subcarrier spacing. Forexample, a transmission bandwidth, for a carrier with 20 MHz channelbandwidth and 15 KHz subcarrier spacing, may be in number of 1024subcarriers.

In an example, a gNB and a wireless device may communicate with multipleCCs when configured with CA. In an example, different component carriersmay have different bandwidth and/or subcarrier spacing, if CA issupported. In an example, a gNB may transmit a first type of service toa UE on a first component carrier. The gNB may transmit a second type ofservice to the UE on a second component carrier. Different type ofservices may have different service requirement (e.g., data rate,latency, reliability), which may be suitable for transmission viadifferent component carrier having different subcarrier spacing and/orbandwidth. FIG. 7B shows an example embodiment. A first componentcarrier may comprise a first number of subcarriers 706 with a firstsubcarrier spacing 709. A second component carrier may comprise a secondnumber of subcarriers 707 with a second subcarrier spacing 710. A thirdcomponent carrier may comprise a third number of subcarriers 708 with athird subcarrier spacing 711. Carriers in a multicarrier OFDMcommunication system may be contiguous carriers, non-contiguouscarriers, or a combination of both contiguous and non-contiguouscarriers.

FIG. 8 is a diagram depicting OFDM radio resources as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure. In an example, a carrier mayhave a transmission bandwidth 801. In an example, a resource grid may bein a structure of frequency domain 802 and time domain 803. In anexample, a resource grid may comprise a first number of OFDM symbols ina subframe and a second number of resource blocks, starting from acommon resource block indicated by higher-layer signaling (e.g. RRCsignaling), for a transmission numerology and a carrier. In an example,in a resource grid, a resource unit identified by a subcarrier index anda symbol index may be a resource element 805. In an example, a subframemay comprise a first number of OFDM symbols 807 depending on anumerology associated with a carrier. For example, when a subcarrierspacing of a numerology of a carrier is 15 KHz, a subframe may have 14OFDM symbols for a carrier. When a subcarrier spacing of a numerology is30 KHz, a subframe may have 28 OFDM symbols. When a subcarrier spacingof a numerology is 60 Khz, a subframe may have 56 OFDM symbols, etc. Inan example, a second number of resource blocks comprised in a resourcegrid of a carrier may depend on a bandwidth and a numerology of thecarrier.

As shown in FIG. 8, a resource block 806 may comprise 12 subcarriers. Inan example, multiple resource blocks may be grouped into a ResourceBlock Group (RBG) 804. In an example, a size of a RBG may depend on atleast one of: a RRC message indicating a RBG size configuration; a sizeof a carrier bandwidth; or a size of a bandwidth part of a carrier. Inan example, a carrier may comprise multiple bandwidth parts. A firstbandwidth part of a carrier may have different frequency location and/orbandwidth from a second bandwidth part of the carrier.

In an example, a gNB may transmit a downlink control informationcomprising a downlink or uplink resource block assignment to a wirelessdevice. A base station may transmit to or receive from, a wirelessdevice, data packets (e.g. transport blocks) scheduled and transmittedvia one or more resource blocks and one or more slots according toparameters in a downlink control information and/or RRC message(s). Inan example, a starting symbol relative to a first slot of the one ormore slots may be indicated to the wireless device. In an example, a gNBmay transmit to or receive from, a wireless device, data packetsscheduled on one or more RBGs and one or more slots.

In an example, a gNB may transmit a downlink control informationcomprising a downlink assignment to a wireless device via one or morePDCCHs. The downlink assignment may comprise parameters indicating atleast modulation and coding format; resource allocation; and/or HARQinformation related to DL-SCH. In an example, a resource allocation maycomprise parameters of resource block allocation; and/or slotallocation. In an example, a gNB may dynamically allocate resources to awireless device via a Cell-Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI)on one or more PDCCHs. The wireless device may monitor the one or morePDCCHs in order to find possible allocation when its downlink receptionis enabled. The wireless device may receive one or more downlink datapackage on one or more PDSCH scheduled by the one or more PDCCHs, whensuccessfully detecting the one or more PDCCHs.

In an example, a gNB may allocate Configured Scheduling (CS) resourcesfor down link transmission to a wireless device. The gNB may transmitone or more RRC messages indicating a periodicity of the CS grant. ThegNB may transmit a DCI via a PDCCH addressed to a ConfiguredScheduling-RNTI (CS-RNTI) activating the CS resources. The DCI maycomprise parameters indicating that the downlink grant is a CS grant.The CS grant may be implicitly reused according to the periodicitydefined by the one or more RRC messages, until deactivated.

In an example, a gNB may transmit a downlink control informationcomprising an uplink grant to a wireless device via one or more PDCCHs.The uplink grant may comprise parameters indicating at least modulationand coding format; resource allocation; and/or HARQ information relatedto UL-SCH. In an example, a resource allocation may comprise parametersof resource block allocation; and/or slot allocation. In an example, agNB may dynamically allocate resources to a wireless device via a C-RNTIon one or more PDCCHs. The wireless device may monitor the one or morePDCCHs in order to find possible resource allocation. The wirelessdevice may transmit one or more uplink data package via one or morePUSCH scheduled by the one or more PDCCHs, when successfully detectingthe one or more PDCCHs.

In an example, a gNB may allocate CS resources for uplink datatransmission to a wireless device. The gNB may transmit one or more RRCmessages indicating a periodicity of the CS grant. The gNB may transmita DCI via a PDCCH addressed to a CS-RNTI activating the CS resources.The DCI may comprise parameters indicating that the uplink grant is a CSgrant. The CS grant may be implicitly reused according to theperiodicity defined by the one or more RRC message, until deactivated.

In an example, a base station may transmit DCI/control signaling viaPDCCH. The DCI may take a format in a plurality of formats. A DCI maycomprise downlink and/or uplink scheduling information (e.g., resourceallocation information, HARQ related parameters, MCS), request for CSI(e.g., aperiodic CQI reports), request for SRS, uplink power controlcommands for one or more cells, one or more timing information (e.g., TBtransmission/reception timing, HARQ feedback timing, etc.), etc. In anexample, a DCI may indicate an uplink grant comprising transmissionparameters for one or more transport blocks. In an example, a DCI mayindicate downlink assignment indicating parameters for receiving one ormore transport blocks. In an example, a DCI may be used by base stationto initiate a contention-free random access at the wireless device. Inan example, the base station may transmit a DCI comprising slot formatindicator (SFI) notifying a slot format. In an example, the base stationmay transmit a DCI comprising pre-emption indication notifying thePRB(s) and/or OFDM symbol(s) where a UE may assume no transmission isintended for the UE. In an example, the base station may transmit a DCIfor group power control of PUCCH or PUSCH or SRS. In an example, a DCImay correspond to an RNTI. In an example, the wireless device may obtainan RNTI in response to completing the initial access (e.g., C-RNTI). Inan example, the base station may configure an RNTI for the wireless(e.g., CS-RNTI, TPC-CS-RNTI, TPC-PUCCH-RNTI, TPC-PUSCH-RNTI,TPC-SRS-RNTI). In an example, the wireless device may compute an RNTI(e.g., the wireless device may compute RA-RNTI based on resources usedfor transmission of a preamble). In an example, an RNTI may have apre-configured value (e.g., P-RNTI or SI-RNTI). In an example, awireless device may monitor a group common search space which may beused by base station for transmitting DCIs that are intended for a groupof UEs. In an example, a group common DCI may correspond to an RNTIwhich is commonly configured for a group of UEs. In an example, awireless device may monitor a UE-specific search space. In an example, aUE specific DCI may correspond to an RNTI configured for the wirelessdevice.

A NR system may support a single beam operation and/or a multi-beamoperation. In a multi-beam operation, a base station may perform adownlink beam sweeping to provide coverage for common control channelsand/or downlink SS blocks, which may comprise at least a PSS, a SSS,and/or PBCH. A wireless device may measure quality of a beam pair linkusing one or more RSs. One or more SS blocks, or one or more CSI-RSresources, associated with a CSI-RS resource index (CRI), or one or moreDM-RSs of PBCH, may be used as RS for measuring quality of a beam pairlink. Quality of a beam pair link may be defined as a reference signalreceived power (RSRP) value, or a reference signal received quality(RSRQ) value, and/or a CSI value measured on RS resources. The basestation may indicate whether an RS resource, used for measuring a beampair link quality, is quasi-co-located (QCLed) with DM-RSs of a controlchannel. A RS resource and DM-RSs of a control channel may be calledQCLed when a channel characteristics from a transmission on an RS to awireless device, and that from a transmission on a control channel to awireless device, are similar or same under a configured criterion. In amulti-beam operation, a wireless device may perform an uplink beamsweeping to access a cell.

In an example, a wireless device may be configured to monitor PDCCH onone or more beam pair links simultaneously depending on a capability ofa wireless device. This may increase robustness against beam pair linkblocking. A base station may transmit one or more messages to configurea wireless device to monitor PDCCH on one or more beam pair links indifferent PDCCH OFDM symbols. For example, a base station may transmithigher layer signaling (e.g. RRC signaling) or MAC CE comprisingparameters related to the Rx beam setting of a wireless device formonitoring PDCCH on one or more beam pair links. A base station maytransmit indication of spatial QCL assumption between an DL RS antennaport(s) (for example, cell-specific CSI-RS, or wireless device-specificCSI-RS, or SS block, or PBCH with or without DM-RSs of PBCH), and DL RSantenna port(s) for demodulation of DL control channel. Signaling forbeam indication for a PDCCH may be MAC CE signaling, or RRC signaling,or DCI signaling, or specification-transparent and/or implicit method,and combination of these signaling methods.

For reception of unicast DL data channel, a base station may indicatespatial QCL parameters between DL RS antenna port(s) and DM-RS antennaport(s) of DL data channel. The base station may transmit DCI (e.g.downlink grants) comprising information indicating the RS antennaport(s). The information may indicate RS antenna port(s) which may beQCLed with the DM-RS antenna port(s). Different set of DM-RS antennaport(s) for a DL data channel may be indicated as QCL with different setof the RS antenna port(s).

FIG. 9A is an example of beam sweeping in a DL channel. In anRRC_INACTIVE state or RRC_IDLE state, a wireless device may assume thatSS blocks form an SS burst 940, and an SS burst set 950. The SS burstset 950 may have a given periodicity. For example, in a multi-beamoperation, a base station 120 may transmit SS blocks in multiple beams,together forming a SS burst 940. One or more SS blocks may betransmitted on one beam. If multiple SS bursts 940 are transmitted withmultiple beams, SS bursts together may form SS burst set 950.

A wireless device may further use CSI-RS in the multi-beam operation forestimating a beam quality of a links between a wireless device and abase station. A beam may be associated with a CSI-RS. For example, awireless device may, based on a RSRP measurement on CSI-RS, report abeam index, as indicated in a CRI for downlink beam selection, andassociated with a RSRP value of a beam. A CSI-RS may be transmitted on aCSI-RS resource including at least one of one or more antenna ports, oneor more time or frequency radio resources. A CSI-RS resource may beconfigured in a cell-specific way by common RRC signaling, or in awireless device-specific way by dedicated RRC signaling, and/or L1/L2signaling. Multiple wireless devices covered by a cell may measure acell-specific CSI-RS resource. A dedicated subset of wireless devicescovered by a cell may measure a wireless device-specific CSI-RSresource.

A CSI-RS resource may be transmitted periodically, or using aperiodictransmission, or using a multi-shot or semi-persistent transmission. Forexample, in a periodic transmission in FIG. 9A, a base station 120 maytransmit configured CSI-RS resources 940 periodically using a configuredperiodicity in a time domain. In an aperiodic transmission, a configuredCSI-RS resource may be transmitted in a dedicated time slot. In amulti-shot or semi-persistent transmission, a configured CSI-RS resourcemay be transmitted within a configured period. Beams used for CSI-RStransmission may have different beam width than beams used for SS-blockstransmission.

FIG. 9B is an example of a beam management procedure in an example newradio network. A base station 120 and/or a wireless device 110 mayperform a downlink L1/L2 beam management procedure. One or more of thefollowing downlink L1/L2 beam management procedures may be performedwithin one or more wireless devices 110 and one or more base stations120. In an example, a P-1 procedure 910 may be used to enable thewireless device 110 to measure one or more Transmission (Tx) beamsassociated with the base station 120 to support a selection of a firstset of Tx beams associated with the base station 120 and a first set ofRx beam(s) associated with a wireless device 110. For beamforming at abase station 120, a base station 120 may sweep a set of different TXbeams. For beamforming at a wireless device 110, a wireless device 110may sweep a set of different Rx beams. In an example, a P-2 procedure920 may be used to enable a wireless device 110 to measure one or moreTx beams associated with a base station 120 to possibly change a firstset of Tx beams associated with a base station 120. A P-2 procedure 920may be performed on a possibly smaller set of beams for beam refinementthan in the P-1 procedure 910. A P-2 procedure 920 may be a special caseof a P-1 procedure 910. In an example, a P-3 procedure 930 may be usedto enable a wireless device 110 to measure at least one Tx beamassociated with a base station 120 to change a first set of Rx beamsassociated with a wireless device 110.

A wireless device 110 may transmit one or more beam management reportsto a base station 120. In one or more beam management reports, awireless device 110 may indicate some beam pair quality parameters,comprising at least, one or more beam identifications; RSRP; PrecodingMatrix Indicator (PMI)/Channel Quality Indicator (CQI)/Rank Indicator(RI) of a subset of configured beams. Based on one or more beammanagement reports, a base station 120 may transmit to a wireless device110 a signal indicating that one or more beam pair links are one or moreserving beams. A base station 120 may transmit PDCCH and PDSCH for awireless device 110 using one or more serving beams.

In an example embodiment, new radio network may support a BandwidthAdaptation (BA). In an example, receive and/or transmit bandwidthsconfigured by an UE employing a BA may not be large. For example, areceive and/or transmit bandwidths may not be as large as a bandwidth ofa cell. Receive and/or transmit bandwidths may be adjustable. Forexample, a UE may change receive and/or transmit bandwidths, e.g., toshrink during period of low activity to save power. For example, a UEmay change a location of receive and/or transmit bandwidths in afrequency domain, e.g. to increase scheduling flexibility. For example,a UE may change a subcarrier spacing, e.g. to allow different services.

In an example embodiment, a subset of a total cell bandwidth of a cellmay be referred to as a Bandwidth Part (BWP). A base station mayconfigure a UE with one or more BWPs to achieve a BA. For example, abase station may indicate, to a UE, which of the one or more(configured) BWPs is an active BWP.

FIG. 10 is an example diagram of 3 BWPs configured: BWP1 (1010 and 1050)with a width of 40 MHz and subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; BWP2 (1020 and1040) with a width of 10 MHz and subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; BWP3 1030with a width of 20 MHz and subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz.

In an example, a UE, configured for operation in one or more BWPs of acell, may be configured by one or more higher layers (e.g. RRC layer)for a cell a set of one or more BWPs (e.g., at most four BWPs) forreceptions by the UE (DL BWP set) in a DL bandwidth by at least oneparameter DL-BWP and a set of one or more BWPs (e.g., at most four BWPs)for transmissions by a UE (UL BWP set) in an UL bandwidth by at leastone parameter UL-BWP for a cell.

To enable BA on the PCell, a base station may configure a UE with one ormore UL and DL BWP pairs. To enable BA on SCells (e.g., in case of CA),a base station may configure a UE at least with one or more DL BWPs(e.g., there may be none in an UL).

In an example, an initial active DL BWP may be defined by at least oneof a location and number of contiguous PRBs, a subcarrier spacing, or acyclic prefix, for a control resource set for at least one common searchspace. For operation on the PCell, one or more higher layer parametersmay indicate at least one initial UL BWP for a random access procedure.If a UE is configured with a secondary carrier on a primary cell, the UEmay be configured with an initial BWP for random access procedure on asecondary carrier.

In an example, for unpaired spectrum operation, a UE may expect that acenter frequency for a DL BWP may be same as a center frequency for a ULBWP.

For example, for a DL BWP or an UL BWP in a set of one or more DL BWPsor one or more UL BWPs, respectively, a base station maysemi-statistically configure a UE for a cell with one or more parametersindicating at least one of following: a subcarrier spacing; a cyclicprefix; a number of contiguous PRBs; an index in the set of one or moreDL BWPs and/or one or more UL BWPs; a link between a DL BWP and an ULBWP from a set of configured DL BWPs and UL BWPs; a DCI detection to aPDSCH reception timing; a PDSCH reception to a HARQ-ACK transmissiontiming value; a DCI detection to a PUSCH transmission timing value; anoffset of a first PRB of a DL bandwidth or an UL bandwidth,respectively, relative to a first PRB of a bandwidth.

In an example, for a DL BWP in a set of one or more DL BWPs on a PCell,a base station may configure a UE with one or more control resource setsfor at least one type of common search space and/or one UE-specificsearch space. For example, a base station may not configure a UE withouta common search space on a PCell, or on a PSCell, in an active DL BWP.

For an UL BWP in a set of one or more UL BWPs, a base station mayconfigure a UE with one or more resource sets for one or more PUCCHtransmissions.

In an example, if a DCI comprises a BWP indicator field, a BWP indicatorfield value may indicate an active DL BWP, from a configured DL BWP set,for one or more DL receptions. If a DCI comprises a BWP indicator field,a BWP indicator field value may indicate an active UL BWP, from aconfigured UL BWP set, for one or more UL transmissions.

In an example, for a PCell, a base station may semi-statisticallyconfigure a UE with a default DL BWP among configured DL BWPs. If a UEis not provided a default DL BWP, a default BWP may be an initial activeDL BWP.

In an example, a base station may configure a UE with a timer value fora PCell. For example, a UE may start a timer, referred to as BWPinactivity timer, when a UE detects a DCI indicating an active DL BWP,other than a default DL BWP, for a paired spectrum operation or when aUE detects a DCI indicating an active DL BWP or UL BWP, other than adefault DL BWP or UL BWP, for an unpaired spectrum operation. The UE mayincrement the timer by an interval of a first value (e.g., the firstvalue may be 1 millisecond or 0.5 milliseconds) if the UE does notdetect a DCI during the interval for a paired spectrum operation or foran unpaired spectrum operation. In an example, the timer may expire whenthe timer is equal to the timer value. A UE may switch to the default DLBWP from an active DL BWP when the timer expires.

In an example, a base station may semi-statistically configure a UE withone or more BWPs. A UE may switch an active BWP from a first BWP to asecond BWP in response to receiving a DCI indicating the second BWP asan active BWP and/or in response to an expiry of BWP inactivity timer(for example, the second BWP may be a default BWP). For example, FIG. 10is an example diagram of 3 BWPs configured, BWP1 (1010 and 1050), BWP2(1020 and 1040), and BWP3 (1030). BWP2 (1020 and 1040) may be a defaultBWP. BWP1 (1010) may be an initial active BWP. In an example, a UE mayswitch an active BWP from BWP1 1010 to BWP2 1020 in response to anexpiry of BWP inactivity timer. For example, a UE may switch an activeBWP from BWP2 1020 to BWP3 1030 in response to receiving a DCIindicating BWP3 1030 as an active BWP. Switching an active BWP from BWP31030 to BWP2 1040 and/or from BWP2 1040 to BWP1 1050 may be in responseto receiving a DCI indicating an active BWP and/or in response to anexpiry of BWP inactivity timer.

In an example, if a UE is configured for a secondary cell with a defaultDL BWP among configured DL BWPs and a timer value, UE procedures on asecondary cell may be same as on a primary cell using the timer valuefor the secondary cell and the default DL BWP for the secondary cell.

In an example, if a base station configures a UE with a first active DLBWP and a first active UL BWP on a secondary cell or carrier, a UE mayemploy an indicated DL BWP and an indicated UL BWP on a secondary cellas a respective first active DL BWP and first active UL BWP on asecondary cell or carrier.

FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B show packet flows employing a multi connectivity(e.g. dual connectivity, multi connectivity, tight interworking, and/orthe like). FIG. 11A is an example diagram of a protocol structure of awireless device 110 (e.g. UE) with CA and/or multi connectivity as peran aspect of an embodiment. FIG. 11B is an example diagram of a protocolstructure of multiple base stations with CA and/or multi connectivity asper an aspect of an embodiment. The multiple base stations may comprisea master node, MN 1130 (e.g. a master node, a master base station, amaster gNB, a master eNB, and/or the like) and a secondary node, SN 1150(e.g. a secondary node, a secondary base station, a secondary gNB, asecondary eNB, and/or the like). A master node 1130 and a secondary node1150 may co-work to communicate with a wireless device 110.

When multi connectivity is configured for a wireless device 110, thewireless device 110, which may support multiple reception/transmissionfunctions in an RRC connected state, may be configured to utilize radioresources provided by multiple schedulers of a multiple base stations.Multiple base stations may be inter-connected via a non-ideal or idealbackhaul (e.g. Xn interface, X2 interface, and/or the like). A basestation involved in multi connectivity for a certain wireless device mayperform at least one of two different roles: a base station may eitheract as a master base station or as a secondary base station. In multiconnectivity, a wireless device may be connected to one master basestation and one or more secondary base stations. In an example, a masterbase station (e.g. the MN 1130) may provide a master cell group (MCG)comprising a primary cell and/or one or more secondary cells for awireless device (e.g. the wireless device 110). A secondary base station(e.g. the SN 1150) may provide a secondary cell group (SCG) comprising aprimary secondary cell (PSCell) and/or one or more secondary cells for awireless device (e.g. the wireless device 110).

In multi connectivity, a radio protocol architecture that a beareremploys may depend on how a bearer is setup. In an example, threedifferent type of bearer setup options may be supported: an MCG bearer,an SCG bearer, and/or a split bearer. A wireless device mayreceive/transmit packets of an MCG bearer via one or more cells of theMCG, and/or may receive/transmits packets of an SCG bearer via one ormore cells of an SCG. Multi-connectivity may also be described as havingat least one bearer configured to use radio resources provided by thesecondary base station. Multi-connectivity may or may not beconfigured/implemented in some of the example embodiments.

In an example, a wireless device (e.g. Wireless Device 110) may transmitand/or receive: packets of an MCG bearer via an SDAP layer (e.g. SDAP1110), a PDCP layer (e.g. NR PDCP 1111), an RLC layer (e.g. MN RLC1114), and a MAC layer (e.g. MN MAC 1118); packets of a split bearer viaan SDAP layer (e.g. SDAP 1110), a PDCP layer (e.g. NR PDCP 1112), one ofa master or secondary RLC layer (e.g. MN RLC 1115, SN RLC 1116), and oneof a master or secondary MAC layer (e.g. MN MAC 1118, SN MAC 1119);and/or packets of an SCG bearer via an SDAP layer (e.g. SDAP 1110), aPDCP layer (e.g. NR PDCP 1113), an RLC layer (e.g. SN RLC 1117), and aMAC layer (e.g. MN MAC 1119).

In an example, a master base station (e.g. MN 1130) and/or a secondarybase station (e.g. SN 1150) may transmit/receive: packets of an MCGbearer via a master or secondary node SDAP layer (e.g. SDAP 1120, SDAP1140), a master or secondary node PDCP layer (e.g. NR PDCP 1121, NR PDCP1142), a master node RLC layer (e.g. MN RLC 1124, MN RLC 1125), and amaster node MAC layer (e.g. MN MAC 1128); packets of an SCG bearer via amaster or secondary node SDAP layer (e.g. SDAP 1120, SDAP 1140), amaster or secondary node PDCP layer (e.g. NR PDCP 1122, NR PDCP 1143), asecondary node RLC layer (e.g. SN RLC 1146, SN RLC 1147), and asecondary node MAC layer (e.g. SN MAC 1148); packets of a split bearervia a master or secondary node SDAP layer (e.g. SDAP 1120, SDAP 1140), amaster or secondary node PDCP layer (e.g. NR PDCP 1123, NR PDCP 1141), amaster or secondary node RLC layer (e.g. MN RLC 1126, SN RLC 1144, SNRLC 1145, MN RLC 1127), and a master or secondary node MAC layer (e.g.MN MAC 1128, SN MAC 1148).

In multi connectivity, a wireless device may configure multiple MACentities: one MAC entity (e.g. MN MAC 1118) for a master base station,and other MAC entities (e.g. SN MAC 1119) for a secondary base station.In multi-connectivity, a configured set of serving cells for a wirelessdevice may comprise two subsets: an MCG comprising serving cells of amaster base station, and SCGs comprising serving cells of a secondarybase station. For an SCG, one or more of following configurations may beapplied: at least one cell of an SCG has a configured UL CC and at leastone cell of a SCG, named as primary secondary cell (PSCell, PCell ofSCG, or sometimes called PCell), is configured with PUCCH resources;when an SCG is configured, there may be at least one SCG bearer or oneSplit bearer; upon detection of a physical layer problem or a randomaccess problem on a PSCell, or a number of NR RLC retransmissions hasbeen reached associated with the SCG, or upon detection of an accessproblem on a PSCell during a SCG addition or a SCG change: an RRCconnection re-establishment procedure may not be triggered, ULtransmissions towards cells of an SCG may be stopped, a master basestation may be informed by a wireless device of a SCG failure type, forsplit bearer, a DL data transfer over a master base station may bemaintained; an NR RLC acknowledged mode (AM) bearer may be configuredfor a split bearer; PCell and/or PSCell may not be de-activated; PSCellmay be changed with a SCG change procedure (e.g. with security keychange and a RACH procedure); and/or a bearer type change between asplit bearer and a SCG bearer or simultaneous configuration of a SCG anda split bearer may or may not supported.

With respect to interaction between a master base station and asecondary base stations for multi-connectivity, one or more of thefollowing may be applied: a master base station and/or a secondary basestation may maintain Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurementconfigurations of a wireless device; a master base station may (e.g.based on received measurement reports, traffic conditions, and/or bearertypes) may decide to request a secondary base station to provideadditional resources (e.g. serving cells) for a wireless device; uponreceiving a request from a master base station, a secondary base stationmay create/modify a container that may result in configuration ofadditional serving cells for a wireless device (or decide that thesecondary base station has no resource available to do so); for a UEcapability coordination, a master base station may provide (a part of)an AS configuration and UE capabilities to a secondary base station; amaster base station and a secondary base station may exchangeinformation about a UE configuration by employing of RRC containers(inter-node messages) carried via Xn messages; a secondary base stationmay initiate a reconfiguration of the secondary base station existingserving cells (e.g. PUCCH towards the secondary base station); asecondary base station may decide which cell is a PSCell within a SCG; amaster base station may or may not change content of RRC configurationsprovided by a secondary base station; in case of a SCG addition and/or aSCG SCell addition, a master base station may provide recent (or thelatest) measurement results for SCG cell(s); a master base station andsecondary base stations may receive information of SFN and/or subframeoffset of each other from OAM and/or via an Xn interface, (e.g. for apurpose of DRX alignment and/or identification of a measurement gap). Inan example, when adding a new SCG SCell, dedicated RRC signaling may beused for sending required system information of a cell as for CA, exceptfor a SFN acquired from a MIB of a PSCell of a SCG.

FIG. 12 is an example diagram of a random access procedure. One or moreevents may trigger a random access procedure. For example, one or moreevents may be at least one of following: initial access from RRC_IDLE,RRC connection re-establishment procedure, handover, DL or UL dataarrival during RRC_CONNECTED when UL synchronization status isnon-synchronised, transition from RRC_Inactive, and/or request for othersystem information. For example, a PDCCH order, a MAC entity, and/or abeam failure indication may initiate a random access procedure.

In an example embodiment, a random access procedure may be at least oneof a contention based random access procedure and a contention freerandom access procedure. For example, a contention based random accessprocedure may comprise, one or more Msg 1 1220 transmissions, one ormore Msg2 1230 transmissions, one or more Msg3 1240 transmissions, andcontention resolution 1250. For example, a contention free random accessprocedure may comprise one or more Msg 1 1220 transmissions and one ormore Msg2 1230 transmissions.

In an example, a base station may transmit (e.g., unicast, multicast, orbroadcast), to a UE, a RACH configuration 1210 via one or more beams.The RACH configuration 1210 may comprise one or more parametersindicating at least one of following: available set of PRACH resourcesfor a transmission of a random access preamble, initial preamble power(e.g., random access preamble initial received target power), an RSRPthreshold for a selection of a SS block and corresponding PRACHresource, a power-ramping factor (e.g., random access preamble powerramping step), random access preamble index, a maximum number ofpreamble transmission, preamble group A and group B, a threshold (e.g.,message size) to determine the groups of random access preambles, a setof one or more random access preambles for system information requestand corresponding PRACH resource(s), if any, a set of one or more randomaccess preambles for beam failure recovery request and correspondingPRACH resource(s), if any, a time window to monitor RA response(s), atime window to monitor response(s) on beam failure recovery request,and/or a contention resolution timer.

In an example, the Msg1 1220 may be one or more transmissions of arandom access preamble. For a contention based random access procedure,a UE may select a SS block with a RSRP above the RSRP threshold. Ifrandom access preambles group B exists, a UE may select one or morerandom access preambles from a group A or a group B depending on apotential Msg3 1240 size. If a random access preambles group B does notexist, a UE may select the one or more random access preambles from agroup A. A UE may select a random access preamble index randomly (e.g.with equal probability or a normal distribution) from one or more randomaccess preambles associated with a selected group. If a base stationsemi-statistically configures a UE with an association between randomaccess preambles and SS blocks, the UE may select a random accesspreamble index randomly with equal probability from one or more randomaccess preambles associated with a selected SS block and a selectedgroup.

For example, a UE may initiate a contention free random access procedurebased on a beam failure indication from a lower layer. For example, abase station may semi-statistically configure a UE with one or morecontention free PRACH resources for beam failure recovery requestassociated with at least one of SS blocks and/or CSI-RSs. If at leastone of SS blocks with a RSRP above a first RSRP threshold amongstassociated SS blocks or at least one of CSI-RSs with a RSRP above asecond RSRP threshold amongst associated CSI-RSs is available, a UE mayselect a random access preamble index corresponding to a selected SSblock or CSI-RS from a set of one or more random access preambles forbeam failure recovery request.

For example, a UE may receive, from a base station, a random accesspreamble index via PDCCH or RRC for a contention free random accessprocedure. If a base station does not configure a UE with at least onecontention free PRACH resource associated with SS blocks or CSI-RS, theUE may select a random access preamble index. If a base stationconfigures a UE with one or more contention free PRACH resourcesassociated with SS blocks and at least one SS block with a RSRP above afirst RSRP threshold amongst associated SS blocks is available, the UEmay select the at least one SS block and select a random access preamblecorresponding to the at least one SS block. If a base station configuresa UE with one or more contention free PRACH resources associated withCSI-RSs and at least one CSI-RS with a RSRP above a second RSPRthreshold amongst the associated CSI-RSs is available, the UE may selectthe at least one CSI-RS and select a random access preamblecorresponding to the at least one CSI-RS.

A UE may perform one or more Msg1 1220 transmissions by transmitting theselected random access preamble. For example, if a UE selects an SSblock and is configured with an association between one or more PRACHoccasions and one or more SS blocks, the UE may determine an PRACHoccasion from one or more PRACH occasions corresponding to a selected SSblock. For example, if a UE selects a CSI-RS and is configured with anassociation between one or more PRACH occasions and one or more CSI-RSs,the UE may determine a PRACH occasion from one or more PRACH occasionscorresponding to a selected CSI-RS. A UE may transmit, to a basestation, a selected random access preamble via a selected PRACHoccasions. A UE may determine a transmit power for a transmission of aselected random access preamble at least based on an initial preamblepower and a power-ramping factor. A UE may determine a RA-RNTIassociated with a selected PRACH occasions in which a selected randomaccess preamble is transmitted. For example, a UE may not determine aRA-RNTI for a beam failure recovery request. A UE may determine anRA-RNTI at least based on an index of a first OFDM symbol and an indexof a first slot of a selected PRACH occasions, and/or an uplink carrierindex for a transmission of Msg1 1220.

In an example, a UE may receive, from a base station, a random accessresponse, Msg 2 1230. A UE may start a time window (e.g., ra-ResponseWindow) to monitor a random access response. For beam failure recoveryrequest, a base station may configure a UE with a different time window(e.g., bfr-Response Window) to monitor response on beam failure recoveryrequest. For example, a UE may start a time window (e.g., ra-ResponseWindow or bfr-Response Window) at a start of a first PDCCH occasionafter a fixed duration of one or more symbols from an end of a preambletransmission. If a UE transmits multiple preambles, the UE may start atime window at a start of a first PDCCH occasion after a fixed durationof one or more symbols from an end of a first preamble transmission. AUE may monitor a PDCCH of a cell for at least one random access responseidentified by a RA-RNTI or for at least one response to beam failurerecovery request identified by a C-RNTI while a timer for a time windowis running.

In an example, a UE may consider a reception of random access responsesuccessful if at least one random access response comprises a randomaccess preamble identifier corresponding to a random access preambletransmitted by the UE. A UE may consider the contention free randomaccess procedure successfully completed if a reception of random accessresponse is successful. If a contention free random access procedure istriggered for a beam failure recovery request, a UE may consider acontention free random access procedure successfully complete if a PDCCHtransmission is addressed to a C-RNTI. In an example, if at least onerandom access response comprises a random access preamble identifier, aUE may consider the random access procedure successfully completed andmay indicate a reception of an acknowledgement for a system informationrequest to upper layers. If a UE has signaled multiple preambletransmissions, the UE may stop transmitting remaining preambles (if any)in response to a successful reception of a corresponding random accessresponse.

In an example, a UE may perform one or more Msg 3 1240 transmissions inresponse to a successful reception of random access response (e.g., fora contention based random access procedure). A UE may adjust an uplinktransmission timing based on a timing advanced command indicated by arandom access response and may transmit one or more transport blocksbased on an uplink grant indicated by a random access response.Subcarrier spacing for PUSCH transmission for Msg3 1240 may be providedby at least one higher layer (e.g. RRC) parameter. A UE may transmit arandom access preamble via PRACH and Msg3 1240 via PUSCH on a same cell.A base station may indicate an UL BWP for a PUSCH transmission of Msg31240 via system information block. A UE may employ HARQ for aretransmission of Msg 3 1240.

In an example, multiple UEs may perform Msg 1 1220 by transmitting asame preamble to a base station and receive, from the base station, asame random access response comprising an identity (e.g., TC-RNTI).Contention resolution 1250 may ensure that a UE does not incorrectly usean identity of another UE. For example, contention resolution 1250 maybe based on C-RNTI on PDCCH or a UE contention resolution identity onDL-SCH. For example, if a base station assigns a C-RNTI to a UE, the UEmay perform contention resolution 1250 based on a reception of a PDCCHtransmission that is addressed to the C-RNTI. In response to detectionof a C-RNTI on a PDCCH, a UE may consider contention resolution 1250successful and may consider a random access procedure successfullycompleted. If a UE has no valid C-RNTI, a contention resolution may beaddressed by employing a TC-RNTI. For example, if a MAC PDU issuccessfully decoded and a MAC PDU comprises a UE contention resolutionidentity MAC CE that matches the CCCH SDU transmitted in Msg3 1250, a UEmay consider the contention resolution 1250 successful and may considerthe random access procedure successfully completed.

FIG. 13 is an example structure for MAC entities as per an aspect of anembodiment. In an example, a wireless device may be configured tooperate in a multi-connectivity mode. A wireless device in RRC_CONNECTEDwith multiple RX/TX may be configured to utilize radio resourcesprovided by multiple schedulers located in a plurality of base stations.The plurality of base stations may be connected via a non-ideal or idealbackhaul over the Xn interface. In an example, a base station in aplurality of base stations may act as a master base station or as asecondary base station. A wireless device may be connected to one masterbase station and one or more secondary base stations. A wireless devicemay be configured with multiple MAC entities, e.g. one MAC entity formaster base station, and one or more other MAC entities for secondarybase station(s). In an example, a configured set of serving cells for awireless device may comprise two subsets: an MCG comprising servingcells of a master base station, and one or more SCGs comprising servingcells of a secondary base station(s). FIG. 13 illustrates an examplestructure for MAC entities when MCG and SCG are configured for awireless device.

In an example, at least one cell in a SCG may have a configured UL CC,wherein a cell of at least one cell may be called PSCell or PCell ofSCG, or sometimes may be simply called PCell. A PSCell may be configuredwith PUCCH resources. In an example, when a SCG is configured, there maybe at least one SCG bearer or one split bearer. In an example, upondetection of a physical layer problem or a random access problem on aPSCell, or upon reaching a number of RLC retransmissions associated withthe SCG, or upon detection of an access problem on a PSCell during a SCGaddition or a SCG change: an RRC connection re-establishment proceduremay not be triggered, UL transmissions towards cells of an SCG may bestopped, a master base station may be informed by a UE of a SCG failuretype and DL data transfer over a master base station may be maintained.

In an example, a MAC sublayer may provide services such as data transferand radio resource allocation to upper layers (e.g. 1310 or 1320). A MACsublayer may comprise a plurality of MAC entities (e.g. 1350 and 1360).A MAC sublayer may provide data transfer services on logical channels.To accommodate different kinds of data transfer services, multiple typesof logical channels may be defined. A logical channel may supporttransfer of a particular type of information. A logical channel type maybe defined by what type of information (e.g., control or data) istransferred. For example, BCCH, PCCH, CCCH and DCCH may be controlchannels and DTCH may be a traffic channel. In an example, a first MACentity (e.g. 1310) may provide services on PCCH, BCCH, CCCH, DCCH, DTCHand MAC control elements. In an example, a second MAC entity (e.g. 1320)may provide services on BCCH, DCCH, DTCH and MAC control elements.

A MAC sublayer may expect from a physical layer (e.g. 1330 or 1340)services such as data transfer services, signaling of HARQ feedback,signaling of scheduling request or measurements (e.g. CQI). In anexample, in dual connectivity, two MAC entities may be configured for awireless device: one for MCG and one for SCG. A MAC entity of wirelessdevice may handle a plurality of transport channels. In an example, afirst MAC entity may handle first transport channels comprising a PCCHof MCG, a first BCH of MCG, one or more first DL-SCHs of MCG, one ormore first UL-SCHs of MCG and one or more first RACHs of MCG. In anexample, a second MAC entity may handle second transport channelscomprising a second BCH of SCG, one or more second DL-SCHs of SCG, oneor more second UL-SCHs of SCG and one or more second RACHs of SCG.

In an example, if a MAC entity is configured with one or more SCells,there may be multiple DL-SCHs and there may be multiple UL-SCHs as wellas multiple RACHs per MAC entity. In an example, there may be one DL-SCHand UL-SCH on a SpCell. In an example, there may be one DL-SCH, zero orone UL-SCH and zero or one RACH for an SCell. A DL-SCH may supportreceptions using different numerologies and/or TTI duration within a MACentity. A UL-SCH may also support transmissions using differentnumerologies and/or TTI duration within the MAC entity.

In an example, a MAC sublayer may support different functions and maycontrol these functions with a control (e.g. 1355 or 1365) element.Functions performed by a MAC entity may comprise mapping between logicalchannels and transport channels (e.g., in uplink or downlink),multiplexing (e.g. 1352 or 1362) of MAC SDUs from one or differentlogical channels onto transport blocks (TB) to be delivered to thephysical layer on transport channels (e.g., in uplink), demultiplexing(e.g. 1352 or 1362) of MAC SDUs to one or different logical channelsfrom transport blocks (TB) delivered from the physical layer ontransport channels (e.g., in downlink), scheduling information reporting(e.g., in uplink), error correction through HARQ in uplink or downlink(e.g. 1363), and logical channel prioritization in uplink (e.g. 1351 or1361). A MAC entity may handle a random access process (e.g. 1354 or1364).

FIG. 14 is an example diagram of a RAN architecture comprising one ormore base stations. In an example, a protocol stack (e.g. RRC, SDAP,PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY) may be supported at a node. A base station(e.g. gNB 120A or 120B) may comprise a base station central unit (CU)(e.g. gNB-CU 1420A or 1420B) and at least one base station distributedunit (DU) (e.g. gNB-DU 1430A, 1430B, 1430C, or 1430D) if a functionalsplit is configured. Upper protocol layers of a base station may belocated in a base station CU, and lower layers of the base station maybe located in the base station DUs. An F1 interface (e.g. CU-DUinterface) connecting a base station CU and base station DUs may be anideal or non-ideal backhaul. F1-C may provide a control plane connectionover an F1 interface, and F1-U may provide a user plane connection overthe F1 interface. In an example, an Xn interface may be configuredbetween base station CUs.

In an example, a base station CU may comprise an RRC function, an SDAPlayer, and a PDCP layer, and base station DUs may comprise an RLC layer,a MAC layer, and a PHY layer. In an example, various functional splitoptions between a base station CU and base station DUs may be possibleby locating different combinations of upper protocol layers (RANfunctions) in a base station CU and different combinations of lowerprotocol layers (RAN functions) in base station DUs. A functional splitmay support flexibility to move protocol layers between a base stationCU and base station DUs depending on service requirements and/or networkenvironments.

In an example, functional split options may be configured per basestation, per base station CU, per base station DU, per UE, per bearer,per slice, or with other granularities. In per base station CU split, abase station CU may have a fixed split option, and base station DUs maybe configured to match a split option of a base station CU. In per basestation DU split, a base station DU may be configured with a differentsplit option, and a base station CU may provide different split optionsfor different base station DUs. In per UE split, a base station (basestation CU and at least one base station DUs) may provide differentsplit options for different wireless devices. In per bearer split,different split options may be utilized for different bearers. In perslice splice, different split options may be applied for differentslices.

FIG. 15 is an example diagram showing RRC state transitions of awireless device. In an example, a wireless device may be in at least oneRRC state among an RRC connected state (e.g. RRC Connected 1530,RRC_Connected), an RRC idle state (e.g. RRC Idle 1510, RRC_Idle), and/oran RRC inactive state (e.g. RRC Inactive 1520, RRC_Inactive). In anexample, in an RRC connected state, a wireless device may have at leastone RRC connection with at least one base station (e.g. gNB and/or eNB),which may have a UE context of the wireless device. A UE context (e.g. awireless device context) may comprise at least one of an access stratumcontext, one or more radio link configuration parameters, bearer (e.g.data radio bearer (DRB), signaling radio bearer (SRB), logical channel,QoS flow, PDU session, and/or the like) configuration information,security information, PHY/MAC/RLC/PDCP/SDAP layer configurationinformation, and/or the like configuration information for a wirelessdevice. In an example, in an RRC idle state, a wireless device may nothave an RRC connection with a base station, and a UE context of awireless device may not be stored in a base station. In an example, inan RRC inactive state, a wireless device may not have an RRC connectionwith a base station. A UE context of a wireless device may be stored ina base station, which may be called as an anchor base station (e.g. lastserving base station).

In an example, a wireless device may transition a UE RRC state betweenan RRC idle state and an RRC connected state in both ways (e.g.connection release 1540 or connection establishment 1550; or connectionreestablishment) and/or between an RRC inactive state and an RRCconnected state in both ways (e.g. connection inactivation 1570 orconnection resume 1580). In an example, a wireless device may transitionits RRC state from an RRC inactive state to an RRC idle state (e.g.connection release 1560).

In an example, an anchor base station may be a base station that maykeep a UE context (a wireless device context) of a wireless device atleast during a time period that a wireless device stays in a RANnotification area (RNA) of an anchor base station, and/or that awireless device stays in an RRC inactive state. In an example, an anchorbase station may be a base station that a wireless device in an RRCinactive state was lastly connected to in a latest RRC connected stateor that a wireless device lastly performed an RNA update procedure in.In an example, an RNA may comprise one or more cells operated by one ormore base stations. In an example, a base station may belong to one ormore RNAs. In an example, a cell may belong to one or more RNAs.

In an example, a wireless device may transition a UE RRC state from anRRC connected state to an RRC inactive state in a base station. Awireless device may receive RNA information from the base station. RNAinformation may comprise at least one of an RNA identifier, one or morecell identifiers of one or more cells of an RNA, a base stationidentifier, an IP address of the base station, an AS context identifierof the wireless device, a resume identifier, and/or the like.

In an example, an anchor base station may broadcast a message (e.g. RANpaging message) to base stations of an RNA to reach to a wireless devicein an RRC inactive state, and/or the base stations receiving the messagefrom the anchor base station may broadcast and/or multicast anothermessage (e.g. paging message) to wireless devices in their coveragearea, cell coverage area, and/or beam coverage area associated with theRNA through an air interface.

In an example, when a wireless device in an RRC inactive state movesinto a new RNA, the wireless device may perform an RNA update (RNAU)procedure, which may comprise a random access procedure by the wirelessdevice and/or a UE context retrieve procedure. A UE context retrieve maycomprise: receiving, by a base station from a wireless device, a randomaccess preamble; and fetching, by a base station, a UE context of thewireless device from an old anchor base station. Fetching may comprise:sending a retrieve UE context request message comprising a resumeidentifier to the old anchor base station and receiving a retrieve UEcontext response message comprising the UE context of the wirelessdevice from the old anchor base station.

In an example embodiment, a wireless device in an RRC inactive state mayselect a cell to camp on based on at least a on measurement results forone or more cells, a cell where a wireless device may monitor an RNApaging message and/or a core network paging message from a base station.In an example, a wireless device in an RRC inactive state may select acell to perform a random access procedure to resume an RRC connectionand/or to transmit one or more packets to a base station (e.g. to anetwork). In an example, if a cell selected belongs to a different RNAfrom an RNA for a wireless device in an RRC inactive state, the wirelessdevice may initiate a random access procedure to perform an RNA updateprocedure. In an example, if a wireless device in an RRC inactive statehas one or more packets, in a buffer, to transmit to a network, thewireless device may initiate a random access procedure to transmit oneor more packets to a base station of a cell that the wireless deviceselects. A random access procedure may be performed with two messages(e.g. 2 stage random access) and/or four messages (e.g. 4 stage randomaccess) between the wireless device and the base station.

In an example embodiment, a base station receiving one or more uplinkpackets from a wireless device in an RRC inactive state may fetch a UEcontext of a wireless device by transmitting a retrieve UE contextrequest message for the wireless device to an anchor base station of thewireless device based on at least one of an AS context identifier, anRNA identifier, a base station identifier, a resume identifier, and/or acell identifier received from the wireless device. In response tofetching a UE context, a base station may transmit a path switch requestfor a wireless device to a core network entity (e.g. AMF, MME, and/orthe like). A core network entity may update a downlink tunnel endpointidentifier for one or more bearers established for the wireless devicebetween a user plane core network entity (e.g. UPF, S-GW, and/or thelike) and a RAN node (e.g. the base station), e.g. changing a downlinktunnel endpoint identifier from an address of the anchor base station toan address of the base station.

A gNB may transmit one or more MAC PDUs to a wireless device. In anexample, a MAC PDU may be a bit string that is byte aligned (e.g., amultiple of eight bits) in length. In an example, bit strings may berepresented by tables in which the most significant bit is the leftmostbit of the first line of the table, and the least significant bit is therightmost bit on the last line of the table. More generally, the bitstring may be read from left to right and then in the reading order ofthe lines. In an example, the bit order of a parameter field within aMAC PDU is represented with the first and most significant bit in theleftmost bit and the last and least significant bit in the rightmostbit.

In an example, a MAC SDU may be a bit string that is byte aligned (e.g.,a multiple of eight bits) in length. In an example, a MAC SDU may beincluded in a MAC PDU from the first bit onward.

In an example, a MAC CE may be a bit string that is byte aligned (e.g.,a multiple of eight bits) in length.

In an example, a MAC subheader may be a bit string that is byte aligned(e.g., a multiple of eight bits) in length. In an example, a MACsubheader may be placed immediately in front of a corresponding MAC SDU,MAC CE, or padding.

In an example, a MAC entity may ignore a value of reserved bits in a DLMAC PDU.

In an example, a MAC PDU may comprise one or more MAC subPDUs. A MACsubPDU of the one or more MAC subPDUs may comprise: a MAC subheader only(including padding); a MAC subhearder and a MAC SDU; a MAC subheader anda MAC CE; and/or a MAC subheader and padding. In an example, the MAC SDUmay be of variable size. In an example, a MAC subhearder may correspondto a MAC SDU, a MAC CE, or padding.

In an example, when a MAC subheader corresponds to a MAC SDU, avariable-sized MAC CE, or padding, the MAC subheader may comprise: an Rfield with a one bit length; an F field with a one bit length; an LCIDfield with a multi-bit length; and/or an L field with a multi-bitlength.

Beam management may use a device-specific configured CSI-RS. In a beammanagement procedure, a wireless device may monitor a channel quality ofa beam pair link comprising a transmitting beam by a base station (e.g.,a gNB in NR) and a receiving beam by the wireless device (e.g., a UE).When multiple CSI-RSs associated with multiple beams are configured, awireless device may monitor multiple beam pair links between the basestation and the wireless device.

A wireless device may transmit one or more beam management reports to abase station. A beam management report may indicate one or more beampair quality parameters, comprising, e.g., one or more beamidentifications, RSRP, PMI, CQI, and/or RI, of a subset of configuredbeams.

FIG. 16 shows examples of three beam management procedures, P1, P2, andP3. Procedure P1 may be used to enable a wireless device measurement ondifferent transmit (Tx) beams of a TRP (or multiple TRPs), e.g., tosupport a selection of Tx beams and/or wireless device receive (Rx)beam(s) (shown as ovals in the top row and bottom row, respectively, ofP1). Beamforming at a TRP (or multiple TRPs) may include, e.g., anintra-TRP and/or inter-TRP Tx beam sweep from a set of different beams(shown, in the top rows of P1 and P2, as ovals rotated in acounter-clockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). Beamformingat a wireless device 1901, may include, e.g., a wireless device Rx beamsweep from a set of different beams (shown, in the bottom rows of P1 andP3, as ovals rotated in a clockwise direction indicated by the dashedarrow). Procedure P2 may be used to enable a wireless device measurementon different Tx beams of a TRP (or multiple TRPs) (shown, in the top rowof P2, as ovals rotated in a counter-clockwise direction indicated bythe dashed arrow), e.g., which may change inter-TRP and/or intra-TRP Txbeam(s). Procedure P2 may be performed, e.g., on a smaller set of beamsfor beam refinement than in procedure P1. P2 may be a particular exampleof P1. Procedure P3 may be used to enable a wireless device measurementon the same Tx beam (shown as oval in P3), e.g., to change a wirelessdevice Rx beam if the wireless device uses beamforming.

A wireless device (e.g., a UE) and/or a base station (e.g., a gNB) maytrigger a beam failure recovery mechanism. The wireless device maytrigger a beam failure recovery (BFR) request transmission, e.g., if abeam failure event occurs. A beam failure event may include, e.g., adetermination that a quality of beam pair link(s) of an associatedcontrol channel is unsatisfactory. A determination of an unsatisfactoryquality of beam pair link(s) of an associated channel may be based onthe quality falling below a threshold and/or an expiration of a timer.

The wireless device may measure a quality of beam pair link(s) using oneor more reference signals (RS). One or more SS blocks, one or moreCSI-RS resources, and/or one or more demodulation reference signals(DM-RSs) of a PBCH may be used as a RS for measuring a quality of a beampair link. Each of the one or more CSI-RS resources may be associatedwith a CSI-RS resource index (CRI). A quality of a beam pair link may bebased on one or more of an RSRP value, reference signal received quality(RSRQ) value, and/or CSI value measured on RS resources. The basestation may indicate that an RS resource, e.g., that may be used formeasuring a beam pair link quality, is quasi-co-located (QCLed) with oneor more DM-RSs of a control channel. The RS resource and the DM-RSs ofthe control channel may be QCLed when the channel characteristics from atransmission via an RS to the wireless device, and the channelcharacteristics from a transmission via a control channel to thewireless device, are similar or the same under a configured criterion.

FIG. 17 shows DCI formats for an example of 20 MHz FDD operation with 2Tx antennas at the base station and no carrier aggregation in an LTEsystem. In a NR system, the DCI formats may comprise at least one of:DCI format 0_0/0_1 indicating scheduling of PUSCH in a cell; DCI format1_0/1_1 indicating scheduling of PDSCH in a cell; DCI format 2_0notifying a group of UEs of slot format; DCI format 2_1 notifying agroup of UEs of PRB(s) and OFDM symbol(s) where a UE may assume notransmission is intended for the UE; DCI format 2_2 indicatingtransmission of TPC commands for PUCCH and PUSCH; and/or DCI format 2_3indicating transmission of a group of TPC commands for SRS transmissionby one or more UEs. In an example, a gNB may transmit a DCI via a PDCCHfor scheduling decision and power-control commends. More specifically,the DCI may comprise at least one of: downlink scheduling assignments,uplink scheduling grants, power-control commands. The downlinkscheduling assignments may comprise at least one of: PDSCH resourceindication, transport format, HARQ information, and control informationrelated to multiple antenna schemes, a command for power control of thePUCCH used for transmission of ACK/NACK in response to downlinkscheduling assignments. The uplink scheduling grants may comprise atleast one of: PUSCH resource indication, transport format, and HARQrelated information, a power control command of the PUSCH.

In an example, the different types of control information correspond todifferent DCI message sizes. For example, supporting spatialmultiplexing with noncontiguous allocation of RBs in the frequencydomain may require a larger scheduling message in comparison with anuplink grant allowing for frequency-contiguous allocation only. The DCImay be categorized into different DCI formats, where a formatcorresponds to a certain message size and usage.

In an example, a UE may monitor one or more PDCCH candidates to detectone or more DCI with one or more DCI format. The one or more PDCCH maybe transmitted in common search space or UE-specific search space. A UEmay monitor PDCCH with only a limited set of DCI format, to save powerconsumption. For example, a normal UE may not be required to detect aDCI with DCI format 6 which is used for an eMTC UE. The more DCI formatto be detected, the more power be consumed at the UE.

In an example, the one or more PDCCH candidates that a UE monitors maybe defined in terms of PDCCH UE-specific search spaces. A PDCCHUE-specific search space at CCE aggregation level L Σ {1, 2, 4, 8} maybe defined by a set of PDCCH candidates for CCE aggregation level L. Inan example, for a DCI format, a UE may be configured per serving cell byone or more higher layer parameters a number of PDCCH candidates per CCEaggregation level L.

In an example, in non-DRX mode operation, a UE may monitor one or morePDCCH candidate in control resource set q according to a periodicity ofW_(PDCCH,q) symbols that may be configured by one or more higher layerparameters for control resource set q.

In an example, if a UE is configured with higher layer parameter, e.g.,cif-InSchedulingCell, the carrier indicator field value may correspondto cif-InSchedulingCell.

In an example, for the serving cell on which a UE may monitor one ormore PDCCH candidate in a UE-specific search space, if the UE is notconfigured with a carrier indicator field, the UE may monitor the one ormore PDCCH candidates without carrier indicator field. In an example,for the serving cell on which a UE may monitor one or more PDCCHcandidates in a UE-specific search space, if a UE is configured with acarrier indicator field, the UE may monitor the one or more PDCCHcandidates with carrier indicator field.

In an example, a UE may not monitor one or more PDCCH candidates on asecondary cell if the UE is configured to monitor one or more PDCCHcandidates with carrier indicator field corresponding to that secondarycell in another serving cell. For example, for the serving cell on whichthe UE may monitor one or more PDCCH candidates, the UE may monitor theone or more PDCCH candidates at least for the same serving cell.

In an example, the information in the DCI formats used for downlinkscheduling may be organized into different groups, with the fieldpresent varying between the DCI formats, including at least one of:resource information, consisting of: carrier indicator (0 or 3 bits), RBallocation; HARQ process number; MCS, NDI, and RV (for the first TB);MCS, NDI and RV (for the second TB); MIMO related information; PDSCHresource-element mapping and QCI; Downlink assignment index (DAI); TPCfor PUCCH; SRS request (1 bit), triggering one-shot SRS transmission;ACK/NACK offset; DCI format 0/1A indication, used to differentiatebetween DCI format 1A and 0; and padding if necessary. The MIMO relatedinformation may comprise at least one of: PMI, precoding information,transport block swap flag, power offset between PDSCH and referencesignal, reference-signal scrambling sequence, number of layers, and/orantenna ports for the transmission.

In an example, the information in the DCI formats used for uplinkscheduling may be organized into different groups, with the fieldpresent varying between the DCI formats, including at least one of:resource information, consisting of: carrier indicator, resourceallocation type, RB allocation; MCS, NDI (for the first TB); MCS, NDI(for the second TB); phase rotation of the uplink DMRS; precodinginformation; CSI request, requesting an aperiodic CSI report; SRSrequest (2 bit), used to trigger aperiodic SRS transmission using one ofup to three preconfigured settings; uplink index/DAI; TPC for PUSCH; DCIformat 0/1A indication; and padding if necessary.

In an example, a gNB may perform CRC scrambling for a DCI, beforetransmitting the DCI via a PDCCH. The gNB may perform CRC scrambling bybit-wise addition (or Modulo-2 addition or exclusive OR (XOR) operation)of multiple bits of at least one wireless device identifier (e.g.,C-RNTI, CS-RNTI, TPC-CS-RNTI, TPC-PUCCH-RNTI, TPC-PUSCH-RNTI, SP CSIC-RNTI, SRS-TPC-RNTI, INT-RNTI, SFI-RNTI, P-RNTI, SI-RNTI, RA-RNTI,and/or MCS-C-RNTI) with the CRC bits of the DCI. The wireless device maycheck the CRC bits of the DCI, when detecting the DCI. The wirelessdevice may receive the DCI when the CRC is scrambled by a sequence ofbits that is the same as the at least one wireless device identifier.

In a NR system, in order to support wide bandwidth operation, a gNB maytransmit one or more PDCCH in different control resource sets. A gNB maytransmit one or more RRC message comprising configuration parameters ofone or more control resource sets. At least one of the one or morecontrol resource sets may comprise at least one of: a first OFDM symbol;a number of consecutive OFDM symbols; a set of resource blocks; aCCE-to-REG mapping; and a REG bundle size, in case of interleavedCCE-to-REG mapping.

In an example, a wireless device may transmit one or more uplink controlinformation (UCI) via one or more PUCCH resources to a base station. Theone or more UCI may comprise at least one of: HARQ-ACK information;scheduling request (SR); and/or CSI report. In an example, a PUCCHresource may be identified by at least: frequency location (e.g.,starting PRB); and/or a PUCCH format associated with initial cyclicshift of a base sequence and time domain location (e.g., starting symbolindex). In an example, a PUCCH format may be PUCCH format 0, PUCCHformat 1, PUCCH format 2, PUCCH format 3, or PUCCH format 4. A PUCCHformat 0 may have a length of 1 or 2 OFDM symbols and be less than orequal to 2 bits. A PUCCH format 1 may occupy a number between 4 and 14of OFDM symbols and be less than or equal to 2 bits. A PUCCH format 2may occupy 1 or 2 OFDM symbols and be greater than 2 bits. A PUCCHformat 3 may occupy a number between 4 and 14 of OFDM symbols and begreater than 2 bits. A PUCCH format 4 may occupy a number between 4 and14 of OFDM symbols and be greater than 2 bits. The PUCCH resource may beconfigured on a PCell, or a PUCCH secondary cell.

In an example, when configured with multiple uplink BWPs, a base stationmay transmit to a wireless device, one or more RRC messages comprisingconfiguration parameters of one or more PUCCH resource sets (e.g., atmost 4 sets) on an uplink BWP of the multiple uplink BWPs. Each PUCCHresource set may be configured with a PUCCH resource set index, a listof PUCCH resources with each PUCCH resource being identified by a PUCCHresource identifier (e.g., pucch-Resourceid), and/or a maximum number ofUCI information bits a wireless device may transmit using one of theplurality of PUCCH resources in the PUCCH resource set.

In an example, when configured with one or more PUCCH resource sets, awireless device may select one of the one or more PUCCH resource setsbased on a total bit length of UCI information bits (e.g., HARQ-ARQbits, SR, and/or CSI) the wireless device will transmit. In an example,when the total bit length of UCI information bits is less than or equalto 2, the wireless device may select a first PUCCH resource set with thePUCCH resource set index equal to “0”. In an example, when the total bitlength of UCI information bits is greater than 2 and less than or equalto a first configured value, the wireless device may select a secondPUCCH resource set with the PUCCH resource set index equal to “1”. In anexample, when the total bit length of UCI information bits is greaterthan the first configured value and less than or equal to a secondconfigured value, the wireless device may select a third PUCCH resourceset with the PUCCH resource set index equal to “2”. In an example, whenthe total bit length of UCI information bits is greater than the secondconfigured value and less than or equal to a third value (e.g., 1706),the wireless device may select a fourth PUCCH resource set with thePUCCH resource set index equal to “3”.

In an example, a wireless device may determine, based on a number ofuplink symbols of UCI transmission and a number of UCI bits, a PUCCHformat from a plurality of PUCCH formats comprising PUCCH format 0,PUCCH format 1, PUCCH format 2, PUCCH format 3 and/or PUCCH format 4. Inan example, the wireless device may transmit UCI in a PUCCH using PUCCHformat 0 if the transmission is over 1 symbol or 2 symbols and thenumber of HARQ-ACK information bits with positive or negative SR(HARQ-ACK/SR bits) is 1 or 2. In an example, the wireless device maytransmit UCI in a PUCCH using PUCCH format 1 if the transmission is over4 or more symbols and the number of HARQ-ACK/SR bits is 1 or 2. In anexample, the wireless device may transmit UCI in a PUCCH using PUCCHformat 2 if the transmission is over 1 symbol or 2 symbols and thenumber of UCI bits is more than 2. In an example, the wireless devicemay transmit UCI in a PUCCH using PUCCH format 3 if the transmission isover 4 or more symbols, the number of UCI bits is more than 2 and PUCCHresource does not include an orthogonal cover code. In an example, thewireless device may transmit UCI in a PUCCH using PUCCH format 4 if thetransmission is over 4 or more symbols, the number of UCI bits is morethan 2 and the PUCCH resource includes an orthogonal cover code.

In an example, in order to transmit HARQ-ACK information on a PUCCHresource, a wireless device may determine the PUCCH resource from aPUCCH resource set. The PUCCH resource set may be determined asmentioned above. The wireless device may determine the PUCCH resourcebased on a PUCCH resource indicator field in a DCI (e.g., with a DCIformat 1_0 or DCI for 1_1) received on a PDCCH. A 3-bit PUCCH resourceindicator field in the DCI may indicate one of eight PUCCH resources inthe PUCCH resource set. The wireless device may transmit the HARQ-ACKinformation in a PUCCH resource indicated by the 3-bit PUCCH resourceindicator field in the DCI.

FIG. 18 shows an example of mapping of PUCCH resource indication fieldvalues to a PUCCH resource in a PUCCH resource set (e.g., with maximum 8PUCCH resources). In an example, when the PUCCH resource indicator inthe DCI (e.g., DCI format 1_0 or 1_1) is ‘000’, the wireless device maydetermine a PUCCH resource identified by a PUCCH resource identifier(e.g., pucch-Resourceid) with a first value in the PUCCH resource listof the PUCCH resource set. When the PUCCH resource indicator in the DCI(e.g., DCI format 1_0 or 1_1) is ‘001’, the wireless device maydetermine a PUCCH resource identified by a PUCCH resource identifier(e.g., pucch-Resourceid) with a second value in the PUCCH resource listof the PUCCH resource set, etc. Similarly, in order to transmit HARQ-ACKinformation, SR and/or CSI multiplexed in a PUCCH, the wireless devicemay determine the PUCCH resource based on at least the PUCCH resourceindicator in a DCI (e.g., DCI format 1_0/1_1), from a list of PUCCHresources in a PUCCH resource set.

In an example, the wireless device may transmit one or more UCI bits viaa PUCCH resource of an active uplink BWP of a PCell or a PUCCH secondarycell. Since at most one active uplink BWP in a cell is supported for awireless device, the PUCCH resource indicated in the DCI is naturally aPUCCH resource on the active uplink BWP of the cell.

In an example, a transmission point with capability of transmission to awireless device and reception from the wireless device may be referredto as a transmission reception point (TRP). The TRP may be connected toa base station. FIG. 19 illustrates an example of multiple PDSCHstransmission from multiple TRPs with one or more scheduling PDCCHs. Inan example, a PDCCH may schedule two PDSCHs (e.g., PDSCH0 and PDSCH1)transmitted from two TRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1), respectively. In anexample, two PDCCHs may schedule the two PDSCHs (e.g., PDSCH0 andPDSCH1) transmitted from two TRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1), respectively.In an example, a base station may transmit the PDCCH from the TRP0 to awireless device. The base station may transmit the two PDSCHs from thetwo TRPs to the wireless device, respectively. The two PDSCHs (e.g.,PDSCH0 and PDSCH1) may be from a same TB (e.g., TB0). The two PDSCH(e.g., PDSCH0 and PDSCH1) may be from different TBs (e.g., PDSCH0 may befrom TB0, and PDSCH1 may be from TB1), respectively. In an example,PDSCH0 and PDSCH1 may be transmitted on a same frequency resource (e.g.,bandwidth part, subband, PRB, or RE, etc.) from TRP0 and TRP1. In anexample, PDSCH0 and PDSCH1 may be transmitted on different frequencyresources (e.g., bandwidth part, subband, PRB, or RE, etc.) from TRP0and TRP1. The two TRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1) may comprise ideal backhaulwith short time delay (e.g., less than 2.5 μs) when coherenttransmission is performed with the scheduling PDCCH between the twoTRPs. The two TRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1) may have a none ideal backhaul.The wireless device may have multiple active panels (e.g., panel0 andpanel1) for a reception from the two TRPs (e.g., panel0 receives fromTRP0, panel1 receives from TRP1) at a time. The wireless device may haveone active panel for a transmission to a TRP at a time. The one activepanel may be one of the panel0 and the panel1.

FIG. 20 illustrates an example of the base station scheduling one ormore PDSCHs from a TRP (e.g., TRP0) to the wireless device. The basestation may schedule the one or more PDSCHs with a scheduling PDCCH. Thebase station may schedule a PDSCH (e.g., PDSCH0) transmitted from theTRP (e.g., TRP0) to the wireless device. The wireless device may havemultiple active panels (e.g., panel0 and panel1) for a reception fromthe TRP (e.g., TRP0) at a time. The wireless device may have one activepanel for an uplink transmission to the TRP (e.g., TRP0) at a time. Theone active panel may be one of the panel0 and the panel1. The wirelessdevice may perform power control for the uplink transmission to the TRP(e.g., TRP0). The wireless device may have no information of the one ormore PDSCHs from one TRP or multiple TRPs (e.g., two TRPs). In existingtechnologies, the wireless device may perform power control based on apathloss of a panel used for the uplink transmission, which is not powerefficient and reliable for one TRP case (e.g., the base stationscheduling one or more PDSCHs from one TRP to the wireless device). Inthe following, several embodiments are disclosed to improve the powercontrol efficiency and reliability of the wireless device for the uplinktransmission.

FIG. 21A illustrates an example embodiment of downlink reception frommultiple TRPs for a wireless device. In an example, a base station mayconfigure a plurality of pathloss reference signals for multiple TRPs tothe wireless device via RRC message(s). The plurality of pathlossreference signals may comprise channel state information (CSI) referencesignals (CSI-RSs) and/or synchronization signal/physical broadcastchannel blocks (SSBs). The plurality of pathloss reference signals maycomprise periodic CSI-RSs or semi persistent CSI-RSs. In an example,plurality of pathloss reference signals may comprise aperiodic CSI-RSs.The base station may configure a plurality of transmission configurationindication (TCI) states to the wireless device (e.g. via an RRCmessage). The base station may configure a plurality of transmissionconfiguration indication (TCI) state sets to the wireless device (e.g.via an RRC message). In an example, each of the plurality of TCI statesets may comprise one or more TCI states of the plurality of TCI states.The base station may transmit a MAC CE to the wireless device foractivation or deactivation of one or more TCI states. The wirelessdevice, based on the MAC CE, may activate or deactivate one or more TCIstate sets of the plurality of TCI state sets. The wireless device,based on the MAC CE, may activate or deactivate one or more TCI statesof the plurality of TCI states. The base station may indicate (e.g., viaa DCI) a TCI state set of the one or more TCI state sets of theplurality of TCI state sets to the wireless device. The TCI state setmay comprise one or more TCI states. The base station may indicate(e.g., via a DCI) one or more TCI states of the one or more TCI statesactivated by the MAC CE to the wireless device. The wireless device maydetermine, based on the DCI indication, one or more TCI states for themultiple PDSCHs transmission from the multiple TRPs. The wireless devicemay have multiple active panels (e.g., panel0 and panel1) for thereception from the two TRPs (e.g., panel0 receives from TRP0, panel1receives from TRP1) at a time. The wireless device may have multipleactive panels (e.g., panel0 and panel1) for the reception from a TRP(e.g., TRP0) of the two TRPs at a time.

The wireless device may have one active panel for transmission to a TRPof the multiple TRPs at a time. The one active panel may be one of themultiple active panels (e.g., panel0 and panel1). In an example, asshown in FIG. 21B, the active panel for uplink transmission may bepanel0. The wireless device may receive a DCI indicating one or more TCIstates. The wireless device may receive a DCI indicating a TCI state.The wireless device, based on the TCI state, may receive downlinktransport blocks from a TRP (e.g., TRP0). The wireless device mayreceive one or more pathloss reference signals (RSs) from the TRP (e.g.,TRP0). The wireless device may measure, based on the one or morepathloss RSs, a first pathloss between the TRP (TRP0) of the multipleTRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1) and a first panel (e.g., panel0 of thewireless device. The wireless device may measure, based on the one ormore pathloss RSs, a second pathloss between the TRP (TRP0) of themultiple TRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1) and a second panel (e.g., panel1) ofthe wireless device. The wireless device may determine, in response tothe DCI comprising the TCI (e.g., indicating downlink transport blockstransmission from a TRP), a combined pathloss based on the firstpathloss and the second pathloss. The combined pathloss may be anaverage of the first pathloss and the second pathloss (e.g., thecombined pathloss=the first pathloss×0.5+the second pathloss×0.5). Thewireless device may transmit an uplink transport block with atransmission power based on the combined pathloss. The wireless devicemay determine the transmission power according to the below equationsbased on the combined pathloss and other power control parameters,

$P_{{PUSCH},b,f,c} = {\min\begin{Bmatrix}{P_{{CMAX},f,c},} \\{P_{{{O\_ UE}{\_ PUSCH}},b,f,c} + P_{{{O\_ NOMINAL}{\_ PUSCH}},f,c} + \Omega_{b,f,c} + {\alpha_{b,f,c} \cdot}} \\{{{PL}_{b,f,c,{combined}}\left( q_{d} \right)} + \Delta_{{TF},b,f,c} + {f_{b,f,c}(l)}}\end{Bmatrix}}$

[dBm]. The base station may indicate (or configure) pathloss referencesignal identification q_(d), alpha set identification, and/or closedloop power control index l to the wireless device. The alpha set maycomprise an alpha value α_(b,f,c) and a received target power valueP_(O_UE_PUSCH,b,f,c). In an example, suffix indexes b, f, and c may bebandwidth part identification, carrier identification and cellidentification, respectively. The station may configure a nominalreceived target power value P_(O_NOMINAL_PUSCH,f,c) to the wirelessdevice. In an example, P_(CMAX,f,c) may be a maximum power value incarrier f and cell c. In an example, Ω_(b,f,c) may be a value determinedby a pre-allocated uplink grant. In an example,PL_(b,f,c,combined)(q_(d)) may be the dBm value of the combined pathlossassociated with a pathloss reference signal identification q_(d). In anexample, Δ_(TF,b,f,c) may be determined by a modulation coding scheme ofthe pre-allocated uplink grant. In an example, f_(b,f,c) may be a closeloop power control parameter. The wireless device may measure multiplepathloss for the multiple active panels receiving pathloss RSs from thesame TRP. The multiple pathloss of the multiple active panels may havesimilar pathloss (or with little difference) for the same TRP and thesame wireless device. The combined pathloss based on the multiplepathloss may improve the measurement accuracy of the pathloss betweenthe TRP and the active panel for uplink transmission.

The wireless device may receive a DCI indicating multiple TCI states(e.g., two TCI states). In an example, one of the two TCI states may beused for a transmission from TRP0. The other of the two TCI states maybe used for a transmission from TRP1. The wireless device may receive,based on the two TCI states, downlink transport blocks from two TRPs(e.g., TRP0 and TRP1). The wireless device may receive one or morepathloss reference signals (RSs) from TRP0 via the panel0 The wirelessdevice may receive one or more pathloss reference signals (RSs) fromTRP1 via the panel1. The wireless device may measure, based on the oneor more pathloss RSs from TRP0, a third pathloss between the TRP (TRP0)of the plurality of TRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1) and the first panel(e.g., panel0 of the wireless device. The wireless device may measure,based on the one or more pathloss RSs from TRP1, a fourth pathlossbetween TRP1 of the plurality of TRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1) and a secondpanel (e.g., panel1) of the wireless device. The wireless device maytransmit an uplink transport block with a transmission power based onthe third pathloss in response to the wireless device using the panel0for the uplink transmission. The wireless device may transmit an uplinktransport block with a transmission power based on the fourth pathlossin response to the wireless device using the panel1 for the uplinktransmission. The wireless device may calculate the transmission poweraccording to the below equations based on the third pathloss (or thefourth pathloss) and other power control parameters,

$P_{{PUSCH},b,f,c} = {\min\begin{Bmatrix}{P_{{CMAX},f,c},} \\{P_{{{O\_ UE}{\_ PUSCH}},b,f,c} + P_{{{O\_ NOMINAL}{\_ PUSCH}},f,c} + \Omega_{b,f,c} + {\alpha_{b,f,c} \cdot}} \\{{{PL}_{b,f,c}\left( q_{d} \right)} + \Delta_{{TF},b,f,c} + {f_{b,f,c}(l)}}\end{Bmatrix}}$

[dBm]. In an example, PL_(b,f,c)(q_(d)) may be the dBm value of thethird pathloss (or the fourth pathloss) associated with a pathlossreference signal identification q_(d). The wireless device may measuremultiple pathloss for the multiple active panels receiving pathloss RSsfrom different TRPs. The multiple pathloss of the multiple active panelsmay have different pathloss for the different TRPs and the differentpanels. The combined pathloss based on the multiple pathloss maydecrease the measurement accuracy of the pathloss between a TRP and theactive panel for uplink transmission.

FIG. 22A illustrates an example of multiple TCI state sets configurationfor the wireless device. The base station may configure multiple TCIstate sets to the wireless device. The multiple TCI state sets maycomprise TCI state set 0, TCI state set 1, TCI state set 2, TCI stateset 3, . . . , TCI state set N−1. In an example, N may be a positiveinteger. In an example, each of the multiple TCI state sets may compriseone or more TCI states (e.g., for multiple TRPs case). In an example,each of the multiple TCI state sets may comprise one or two TCI states(e.g., two TCI states for two TRPs case). FIG. 22B illustrates anexample of a MAC CE structure for activation/deactivation of multipleTCI state sets. The base station may transmit the MAC CE to a wirelessdevice for activation/deactivation of the multiple TCI state sets. Thewireless device may activate/deactivate, based on the MAC CE, one ormore of the multiple TCI state sets (e.g., TCI state set 0, TCI stateset 1, TCI state set 2, TCI state set 3, . . . , TCI state set N−1)configured by an RRC message. The MAC CE may comprise one or moreoctets. The MAC CE may comprise a serving cell ID indication. The MAC CEmay comprise a BWP ID indication. The wireless device mayactivate/deactivate, based on the MAC CE, the multiple TCI state sets ofa cell with the serving cell ID. The wireless device mayactivate/deactivate, based on the MAC CE, the multiple TCI state sets ona BWP with the BWP ID. The wireless device may activate/deactivate,based on the MAC CE, the multiple TCI state sets on a BWP of a cell withthe BWP ID and the serving cell ID. In an example, one bit of the MAC CEmay be associated with one of the multiple TCI state sets configured bythe RRC message (e.g., bi may be associated with one of the multiple TCIstate sets, and i is from 0 to 23). In an example, a bi may indicate anactivated/deactivated status of one of the multiple TCI state sets. Inan example, when bi is set to “1”, an TCI state set associated with bimay be activated. In an example, when bi is set to “0”, the TCI stateset associated with bi may be deactivated. The MAC CE may be identifiedby a MAC PDU sub-header with an LCID. The LCID may be set to “101101”.

FIG. 22C illustrates an example of a DCI indication for the one or moreTCI state sets activated by a MAC CE. The base state may activate eightTCI state sets for the wireless device by the MAC CE (e.g., TCI stateset 1, TCI state set 3, TCI state set 4, TCI state set 6, TCI state set8, TCI state set 10, TCI state set 12, TCI state set 15). In example, acodepoint in the DCI indication may indicate one of the one or more TCIstate sets activated by the MAC CE. In example, a codepoint in the DCIindication may indicate one of the eight TCI state sets activated by theMAC CE. The wireless device may determine one or more TCI states for themultiple PDSCHs transmitted from the multiple TRPs. The wireless devicemay receive the DCI from a common search space or a UE specific searchspace of a control resource set (CORESET). In an example, a TCI stateset indication of the DCI may indicate a TCI state set from the one ormore TCI state sets activated by the MAC CE. In an example, a TCI stateset indication of the DCI may indicate a TCI state set from the eightTCI state sets activated by the MAC CE. In an example, an indicating ofthe TCI state set of the one or more TCI state sets may compriseindicating a TCI state set index or a TCI state set identification (ID)of the TCI state set. In an example, an indicating of the TCI state setof the eight TCI state sets may comprise indicating a TCI state setindex or a TCI state set identification (ID) of the TCI state set. TheDCI may comprise a bit field to indicate the TCI state set. The bitfield may comprise a plurality of bits. The bit field may comprise 3bits. In an example, when the bit field is 000, the DCI may indicate aTCI state set with index 0 (e.g., TCI state set 1). In an example, whenthe bit field is 001, the DCI may indicate a TCI state set with index 1(e.g., TCI state set 3). In an example, when the bit field is 010, theDCI may indicate a TCI state set with index 2 (e.g., TCI state set 4).In an example, when the bit field is 011, the DCI may indicate a TCIstate set with index 3 (e.g., TCI state set 6). In an example, when thebit field is 100, the DCI may indicate a TCI state set with index 4(e.g., TCI state set 8). In an example, when the bit field is 101, theDCI may indicate a TCI state set with index 5 (e.g., TCI state set 10).In an example, when the bit field is 110, the DCI may indicate a TCIstate set with index 6 (e.g., TCI state set 12). In an example, when thebit field is 111, the DCI may indicate a TCI state set with index 7(e.g., TCI state set 15).

In an example, as shown in FIG. 22D, the wireless device may determine atransmission power based on the DCI indicating a TCI state set (or oneor more TCI states). The wireless device may receive one or morepathloss RSs from one or more TRPs via multiple active receiving panels(e.g., panel0 and panel1). The wireless device may receive a DCIindicating one or more TCI states. The wireless device may receive theDCI indicating a TCI state. The wireless device, based on the TCI state,may receive downlink transport blocks from a TRP (e.g., TRP0). Thewireless device may receive one or more pathloss reference signals (RSs)from the TRP (e.g., TRP0). The wireless device may measure (ordetermine), based on the one or more pathloss RSs, a first pathlossbetween the TRP (TRP0) and a first panel (e.g., panel0 of the wirelessdevice. The wireless device may measure (or determine), based on the oneor more pathloss RSs, a second pathloss between the TRP (TRP0) of theplurality of TRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1) and a second panel (e.g.,panel1) of the wireless device. The wireless device may determine, inresponse to the DCI comprising the TCI (e.g., indicating downlinktransport blocks transmission from a TRP (e.g., TRP0)), a combinedpathloss based on the first pathloss and the second pathloss. Thecombined pathloss may be an average of the first pathloss and the secondpathloss (e.g., the combined pathloss=the first pathloss×0.5+the secondpathloss×0.5). The wireless device may transmit an uplink transportblock with a transmission power based on the combined pathloss. Thewireless device may calculate the transmission power according to thebelow equations based on the combined pathloss and other power controlparameters,

$P_{{PUSCH},b,f,c} = {\min\begin{Bmatrix}{P_{{CMAX},f,c},} \\{P_{{{O\_ UE}{\_ PUSCH}},b,f,c} + P_{{{O\_ NOMINAL}{\_ PUSCH}},f,c} + \Omega_{b,f,c} + {\alpha_{b,f,c} \cdot}} \\{{{PL}_{b,f,c,{combined}}\left( q_{d} \right)} + \Delta_{{TF},b,f,c} + {f_{b,f,c}(l)}}\end{Bmatrix}}$

[dBm]. The base station may indicate (or configure) pathloss referencesignal identification q_(d), alpha set identification, and/or closedloop power control index l to the wireless device. The alpha set maycomprise an alpha value α_(b,f,c) and a received target power valueP_(O_UE_PUSCH,b,f,c) In an example, suffix indexes b, f, and c may bebandwidth part identification, carrier identification and cellidentification, respectively. The station may configure a nominalreceived target power value P_(O_NOMINAL_PUSCH,f,c) to the wirelessdevice. In an example, P_(CMAX,f,c) may be a maximum power value incarrier f and cell c. In an example, Ω_(b,f,c) may be a value determinedby a pre-allocated uplink grant. In an example,PL_(b,f,c,combined)(q_(d)) may be the dBm value of the combined pathlossassociated with a pathloss reference signal identification q_(d). In anexample, Δ_(TF,b,f,c) may be determined by a modulation coding scheme ofthe pre-allocated uplink grant. In an example, f_(b,f,c) may be a closeloop power control parameter. The wireless device may comprise anadditional active panel for downlink reception. The wireless device maymeasure an additional pathloss between the TRP (e.g., TRP0) and theadditional active panel. The combined pathloss may be further based onthe additional pathloss for the average.

The wireless device may receive a DCI indicating multiple TCI states(e.g., two TCI states). In an example, one of the two TCI states may befor TRP0. The other of the two TCI states may be for TRP1. The two TCIstates may indicate the wireless device receiving downlink transportblocks from two TRPs (e.g., the panel0 receiving from TRP0 and thepanel1 receiving from TRP1). The wireless device may receive one or morepathloss reference signals (RSs) from TRP0 via the panel0 The wirelessdevice may receive one or more pathloss reference signals (RSs) fromTRP1 via the panel1. The wireless device may measure, based on the oneor more pathloss RSs from TRP0, a third pathloss between the TRP (TRP0)and the first panel (e.g., the panel0 of the wireless device. Thewireless device may measure, based on the one or more pathloss RSs fromTRP1, a fourth pathloss between TRP1 and a second panel (e.g., thepanel1) of the wireless device. The wireless device may transmit anuplink transport block with a transmission power based on the thirdpathloss in response to the wireless device using the panel0 for theuplink transmission. The wireless device may transmit an uplinktransport block with a transmission power based on the fourth pathlossin response to the wireless device using the panel1 for the uplinktransmission. The wireless device may calculate the transmission poweraccording to the below equations based on the third pathloss (or thefourth pathloss) and other power control parameters,

$P_{{PUSCH},b,f,c} = {\min\begin{Bmatrix}{P_{{CMAX},f,c},} \\{P_{{{O\_ UE}{\_ PUSCH}},b,f,c} + P_{{{O\_ NOMINAL}{\_ PUSCH}},f,c} + \Omega_{b,f,c} + {\alpha_{b,f,c} \cdot}} \\{{{PL}_{b,f,c}\left( q_{d} \right)} + \Delta_{{TF},b,f,c} + {f_{b,f,c}(l)}}\end{Bmatrix}}$

[dBm]. In an example, PL_(b,f,c)(q_(d)) may be the dBm value of thethird pathloss (or the fourth pathloss) associated with a pathlossreference signal identification q_(d).

In an example, FIG. 23 illustrates an example of power control procedurefor multiple panels with embodiments of the present disclosure. In anexample, a wireless device may receive, from a base station, one or moreradio resource control (RRC) messages comprising configurationparameters of a plurality of transmission reception points (TRPs) attime T1. The configuration parameters may indicate a plurality ofpathloss reference signals (RSs), and a plurality of transmissionconfiguration indications (TCIs) (or a plurality of TCI states). Theplurality of pathloss RSs may comprise channel state information (CSI)reference signals (CSI-RSs) and/or synchronization signal/physicalbroadcast channel blocks (SSBs). The plurality of pathloss referencesignals may comprise periodic CSI-RSs or semi persistent CSI-RSs. In anexample, plurality of pathloss reference signals may comprise aperiodicCSI-RSs. The base station may configure a plurality of transmissionconfiguration indication (TCI) state sets to the wireless device (e.g.via an RRC message). In an example, each of the plurality of TCI statesets may comprise one or more TCI states of the plurality of TCI states.The wireless device may receive, from the base station, a MAC CE foractivation or deactivation of one or more first (1st) TCI states of theplurality of TCI states at time T2. The wireless device may activate ordeactivate, based on the MAC CE, one or more TCI state sets of theplurality of TCI state sets for the wireless device. The wireless devicemay activate or deactivate, based on the MAC CE, the one or more first(1st) TCI states of the plurality of TCI states for the wireless device.

The base station may indicate (e.g., via a DCI) a TCI state set of theone or more TCI state sets of the plurality of TCI state sets to thewireless device. The TCI state set may comprise one or more TCI states.The wireless device may receive, from the base station, a DCI indicatingone or more second (2nd) TCI states of the one or more first (1st) TCIstates activated by the MAC CE at time T3. The wireless device maydetermine the one or more second (2nd) TCI states for the multiplePDSCHs transmission from one or more TRPs based on the DCI indication.The wireless device may receive the DCI indicating one or more second(2nd) TCI states. The wireless device may receive the DCI indicating theone second (2nd) TCI state. The wireless device may receive, based onthe one second (2^(nd)) TCI state, downlink transport blocks from a TRP(e.g., TRP0). The wireless device may receive one or more pathlossreference signals (RSs) from the TRP (e.g., TRP0). The wireless devicemay measure, based on the one or more pathloss RSs, a first pathlossbetween the TRP (TRP0) of the plurality of TRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1)and a first panel (e.g., panel0) of the wireless device at time T4. Thewireless device may measure, based on the one or more pathloss RSs, asecond pathloss between the TRP (TRP0) of the plurality of TRPs (e.g.,TRP0 and TRP1) and a second panel (e.g., panel1) of the wireless deviceat time T4. The wireless device may determine, in response to the DCIindicating the one second (2nd) TCI state (e.g., indicating downlinktransport blocks transmission from a TRP), a combined pathloss based onthe first pathloss and the second pathloss at time T5. The combinedpathloss may comprise an average of the first pathloss and the secondpathloss. The wireless device may transmit an uplink transport blockwith a transmission power based on the combined pathloss at time T6.

In an example, FIG. 24 illustrates an example of flow chart of powercontrol for multiple panels in accordance with embodiments of thepresent disclosure. In an example, a wireless device may receive, from abase station, one or more radio resource control (RRC) messagescomprising configuration parameters of a plurality of transmissionreception points (TRPs). The configuration parameters may indicate: aplurality of pathloss reference signals (RSs), and a plurality oftransmission configuration indications (TCIs) (or a plurality of TCIstates). The plurality of pathloss RSs may comprise channel stateinformation (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RSs) and/or synchronizationsignal/physical broadcast channel blocks (SSBs). The plurality ofpathloss reference signals may comprise periodic CSI-RSs or semipersistent CSI-RSs. In an example, plurality of pathloss referencesignals may comprise aperiodic CSI-RSs. The base station may configure aplurality of transmission configuration indication (TCI) state sets tothe wireless device (e.g. via an RRC message). In an example, each ofthe plurality of TCI state sets may comprise one or more TCI states ofthe plurality of TCI states. The wireless device may receive, from thebase station, a MAC CE for activation or deactivation of one or morefirst (1st) TCI states of the plurality of TCI states. The wirelessdevice may activate or deactivate, based on the MAC CE, one or more TCIstate sets of the plurality of TCI state sets. The wireless device mayactivate or deactivate, based on the MAC CE, the one or more first (1st)TCI states of the plurality of TCI states.

The base station may indicate (e.g., via a DCI) a TCI state set of theone or more TCI state sets of the plurality of TCI state sets to thewireless device. The TCI state set may comprise one or more TCI states.The wireless device may receive, from the base station, a DCI indicatingone or more second (2nd) TCI states of the one or more first (1st) TCIstates activated by the MAC CE. The wireless device may determine theone or more second (2nd) TCI states for the multiple PDSCHs transmissionfrom one or more TRPs based on the DCI indication. The wireless devicemay receive the DCI indicating the one or more second (2nd) TCI states.The wireless device may receive the DCI indicating the one second (2nd)TCI state (or one TCI). The one second (2nd) TCI state (or the one TCI)may indicate the wireless device receiving downlink transport blocksfrom a TRP (e.g., TRP0). The wireless device may receive one or morepathloss reference signals (RSs) from the TRP (e.g., TRP0). The wirelessdevice may measure, based on the one or more pathloss RSs, a firstpathloss between the TRP (TRP0) of the plurality of TRPs (e.g., TRP0 andTRP1) and a first panel (e.g., panel0 of the wireless device. Thewireless device may measure, based on the one or more pathloss RSs, asecond pathloss between the TRP (TRP0) of the plurality of TRPs (e.g.,TRP0 and TRP1) and a second panel (e.g., panel1) of the wireless device.The wireless device may determine, in response to the DCI indicating theone second (2nd) TCI state (e.g., indicating downlink transport blockstransmission from a TRP), a combined pathloss based on the firstpathloss and the second pathloss. The combined pathloss may comprise anaverage of the first pathloss and the second pathloss. The wirelessdevice may transmit an uplink transport block with a transmission powerbased on the combined pathloss.

The wireless device may receive a DCI indicating multiple second (2nd)TCI states (e.g., two second (2nd) TCI states). In an example, one ofthe two second (2nd) TCI states may be used for a transmission fromTRP0. The other of the two second (2nd) TCI states may be used for atransmission from TRP1. The two second (2nd) TCI states may indicate thewireless device receiving downlink transport blocks from two TRPs (e.g.,the panel0 receiving from TRP0 and the panel1 receiving from TRP1). Thewireless device may receive one or more pathloss reference signals (RSs)from TRP0 via the panel0 The wireless device may receive one or morepathloss reference signals (RSs) from TRP1 via the panel1. The wirelessdevice may measure, based on the one or more pathloss RSs from TRP0, athird pathloss between the TRP (TRP0) and the first panel (e.g., thepanel0 of the wireless device. The wireless device may measure, based onthe one or more pathloss RSs from TRP1, a fourth pathloss between TRP1and a second panel (e.g., the panel1) of the wireless device. Thewireless device may transmit an uplink transport block with atransmission power based on the third pathloss in response to thewireless device using the panel0 for the uplink transmission. Thewireless device may transmit an uplink transport block with atransmission power based on the fourth pathloss in response to thewireless device using the panel1 for the uplink transmission.

In an example, a wireless device may receive a downlink controlinformation (DCI) indicating: a transmission configuration indication(TCI) state of a plurality of TCI states, and one or more pathlossreference signals (RSs). The wireless device may measure, based on theone or more pathloss RSs, a first pathloss between a transmissionreception point (TRP) of a plurality of TRPs and a first panel of thewireless device. The wireless device may measure, based on the one ormore pathloss RSs, a second pathloss between the TRP and a second panelof the wireless device. The wireless device may determine, in responseto the DCI indicating the TCI state, a combined pathloss based on thefirst pathloss and the second pathloss. The wireless device may transmitan uplink transport block with a transmission power based on thecombined pathloss. The wireless device may measure an additionalpathloss between the TRP and an additional panel of the wireless device.The combined pathloss may be further based on the additional pathloss.The one or more pathloss RSs may comprise channel state informationreference signals (CSI-RSs) or synchronization signal/physical broadcastchannel blocks (SSBs). In an example, each of the plurality of TCIstates may indicate a spatial domain reception and/or transmissionfilter associated with a reference signal. The receiving the DCIindicating the TCI state of the plurality of TCI states may comprisereceiving the DCI indicating a TCI state set of the plurality of TCIstate sets. The TCI state set may comprise one TCI state. The receivingthe DCI may comprise receiving the DCI with a sounding reference signalresource indicator (SRI) indicating the one or more pathloss RSs. Thedetermining the combined pathloss based on the first pathloss and thesecond pathloss may comprise the combined pathloss is averaged of thefirst pathloss and the second pathloss. The determining the combinedpathloss based on the first pathloss and the second pathloss maycomprise the combined pathloss is a linear combination of the firstpathloss and the second pathloss. The transmission power may be anoutput transmission power of power control based on the combinedpathloss.

FIG. 21A illustrates an example embodiment of downlink reception frommultiple TRPs for a wireless device. In an example, a base station mayconfigure a plurality of pathloss reference signals for multiple TRPs tothe wireless device. The plurality of pathloss reference signals maycomprise channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RSs)and/or synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel blocks (SSBs).The plurality of pathloss reference signals may comprise periodicCSI-RSs or semi persistent CSI-RSs. In an example, plurality of pathlossreference signals may comprise aperiodic CSI-RSs. The base station mayconfigure a plurality of transmission configuration indication (TCI)states to the wireless device (e.g. via an RRC message). The basestation may configure a plurality of transmission configurationindication (TCI) state sets to the wireless device (e.g. via an RRCmessage). In an example, each of the plurality of TCI state sets maycomprise one or more TCI states of the plurality of TCI states. The basestation may transmit a MAC CE to the wireless device for activation ordeactivation of one or more TCI states. The wireless device may activateor deactivate, based on the MAC CE, one or more TCI state sets of theplurality of TCI state sets. The wireless device may activate ordeactivate, based on the MAC CE, one or more TCI states of the pluralityof TCI state for the wireless device. The base station may indicate(e.g., via a DCI) a TCI state set of the one or more TCI state sets tothe wireless device. The TCI state set may comprise one or more TCIstates. The base station may indicate (e.g., via a DCI) one or more TCIstates of the one or more TCI states activated by the MAC CE to thewireless device. The wireless device may determine, based on the DCIindication, one or more TCI states for the multiple PDSCHs transmissionfrom the multiple TRPs. The wireless device may have multiple activepanels (e.g., panel0 and panel1) for the reception from the two TRPs(e.g., panel0 receives from TRP0, panel1 receives from TRP1) at a time.The wireless device may have multiple active panels (e.g., panel0 andpanel1) for the reception from a TRP (e.g., TRP0) of the two TRPs at atime.

The wireless device may have one active panel for transmission to a TRPof the multiple TRPs at a time. The one active panel may be one of themultiple active panels (e.g., panel0 and panel1). In an example, asshown in FIG. 21B, the active panel for uplink transmission may bepanel0 The wireless device may receive a DCI indicating one or more TCIstates. The wireless device may receive a DCI indicating a TCI state.The wireless device, based on the TCI state, may receive downlinktransport blocks from a TRP (e.g., TRP0). The wireless device mayreceive one or more pathloss reference signals (RSs) from the TRP (e.g.,TRP0). The wireless device may measure, based on the one or morepathloss RSs, a first pathloss between the TRP (TRP0) of the multipleTRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1) and a first panel (e.g., panel0 of thewireless device. The wireless device may measure, based on the one ormore pathloss RSs, a second pathloss between the TRP (TRP0) of themultiple TRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1) and a second panel (e.g., panel1) ofthe wireless device. The wireless device may determine, in response tothe DCI comprising the TCI (e.g., indicating downlink transport blockstransmission from a TRP), a combined pathloss based on the firstpathloss and the second pathloss. The combined pathloss may be linearcombination of the first pathloss and the second pathloss (e.g., thecombined pathloss=the first pathloss×α+the second pathloss×β). In anexample, α+β=1. In an example, α and β may be positive values. Thewireless device may transmit an uplink transport block with atransmission power based on the combined pathloss. The wireless devicemay determine the transmission power according to the below equationsbased on the combined pathloss and other power control parameters,

$P_{{PUSCH},b,f,c} = {\min\begin{Bmatrix}{P_{{CMAX},f,c},} \\{P_{{{O\_ UE}{\_ PUSCH}},b,f,c} + P_{{{O\_ NOMINAL}{\_ PUSCH}},f,c} + \Omega_{b,f,c} + {\alpha_{b,f,c} \cdot}} \\{{{PL}_{b,f,c,{combined}}\left( q_{d} \right)} + \Delta_{{TF},b,f,c} + {f_{b,f,c}(l)}}\end{Bmatrix}}$

[dBm]. The base station may indicate (or configure) pathloss referencesignal identification q_(d), alpha set identification, and/or closedloop power control index l to the wireless device. The alpha set maycomprise an alpha value α_(b,f,c) and a received target power valueP_(O_UE_PUSCH,b,f,c) In an example, suffix indexes b, f, and c may bebandwidth part identification, carrier identification and cellidentification, respectively. The station may configure a nominalreceived target power value P_(O_NOMINAL_PUSCH,f,c) to the wirelessdevice.

In an example, P_(CMAX,f,c) may be a maximum power value in carrier fand cell c. In an example, Ω_(b,f,c) may be a value determined by apre-allocated uplink grant. In an example, PL_(b,f,c,combined)(q_(d))may be the dBm value of the combined pathloss associated with a pathlossreference signal identification q_(d). In an example, Δ_(TF,b,f,c) maybe determined by a modulation coding scheme of the pre-allocated uplinkgrant. In an example, f_(b,f,c) may be a close loop power controlparameter. The wireless device may measure multiple pathloss for themultiple active panels receiving pathloss RSs from the same TRP. Themultiple pathloss of the multiple active panels may have similarpathloss (or with little difference) for the same TRP and the samewireless device. The combined pathloss based on the multiple pathlossmay improve the measurement accuracy of the pathloss between the TRP andthe active panel for uplink transmission.

The wireless device may receive a DCI indicating multiple TCI states(e.g., two TCI states). In an example, one of the two TCI states may befor TRP0. The other of the two TCI states may be for TRP1. The wirelessdevice may receive, based on the two TCI states, downlink transportblocks from two TRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1). The wireless device mayreceive one or more pathloss reference signals (RSs) from TRP0 via thepanel0. The wireless device may receive one or more pathloss referencesignals (RSs) from TRP1 via the panel1. The wireless device may measure,based on the one or more pathloss RSs from TRP0, a third pathlossbetween the TRP (TRP0) of the plurality of TRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1)and the first panel (e.g., panel0) of the wireless device. The wirelessdevice may measure, based on the one or more pathloss RSs from TRP1, afourth pathloss between TRP1 of the plurality of TRPs (e.g., TRP0 andTRP1) and a second panel (e.g., panel1) of the wireless device. Thewireless device may transmit an uplink transport block with atransmission power based on the third pathloss in response to thewireless device using the panel0 for the uplink transmission. Thewireless device may transmit an uplink transport block with atransmission power based on the fourth pathloss in response to thewireless device using the panel1 for the uplink transmission. Thewireless device may calculate the transmission power according to thebelow equations based on the third pathloss (or the fourth pathloss) andother power control parameters,

$P_{{PUSCH},b,f,c} = {\min\begin{Bmatrix}{P_{{CMAX},f,c},} \\{P_{{{O\_ UE}{\_ PUSCH}},b,f,c} + P_{{{O\_ NOMINAL}{\_ PUSCH}},f,c} + \Omega_{b,f,c} + {\alpha_{b,f,c} \cdot}} \\{{{PL}_{b,f,c}\left( q_{d} \right)} + \Delta_{{TF},b,f,c} + {f_{b,f,c}(l)}}\end{Bmatrix}}$

[dBm]. In an example, PL_(b,f,c)(q_(d)) may be the dBm value of thethird pathloss (or the fourth pathloss) associated with a pathlossreference signal identification q_(d). The wireless device may measuremultiple pathloss for the multiple active panels receiving pathloss RSsfrom different TRPs. The multiple pathloss of the multiple active panelsmay have different pathloss for the different TRPs and the differentpanels. The combined pathloss based on the multiple pathloss maydecrease the measurement accuracy of the pathloss between a TRP and theactive panel for uplink transmission.

FIG. 22A illustrates an example of multiple TCI state sets configurationfor the wireless device. The base station may configure multiple TCIstate sets to the wireless device. The multiple TCI state sets maycomprise TCI state set 0, TCI state set 1, TCI state set 2, TCI stateset 3, . . . , TCI state set N−1. In an example, N may be a positiveinteger. In an example, each of the multiple TCI state sets may compriseone or more TCI states (e.g., for multiple TRPs case). In an example,each of the multiple TCI state sets may comprise one or two TCI states(e.g., two TCI states for two TRPs case). FIG. 22B illustrates anexample of a MAC CE structure for activation/deactivation of multipleTCI state sets. The base station may transmit the MAC CE to a wirelessdevice for activation/deactivation of the multiple TCI state sets. Thewireless device may activate/deactivate, based on the MAC CE, one ormore of the multiple TCI state sets (e.g., TCI state set 0, TCI stateset 1, TCI state set 2, TCI state set 3, . . . , TCI state set N−1)configured by an RRC message. The MAC CE may comprise one or moreoctets. The MAC CE may comprise a serving cell ID indication. The MAC CEmay comprise a BWP ID indication. The wireless device mayactivate/deactivate, based on the MAC CE, the multiple TCI state sets ofa cell with the serving cell ID. The wireless device mayactivate/deactivate, based on the MAC CE, the multiple TCI state sets ina BWP with the BWP ID. The wireless device may activate/deactivate,based on the MAC CE, the multiple TCI state sets in a BWP of a cell withthe BWP ID and the serving cell ID. In an example, one bit of the MAC CEmay be associated with one of the multiple TCI state sets configured bythe RRC message (e.g., bi may be associated with one of the multiple TCIstate sets, and i is from 0 to 23). In an example, a bi may indicate anactivated/deactivated status of one of the multiple TCI state sets. Inan example, when bi is set to “1”, an TCI state set associated with bimay be activated. In an example, when bi is set to “0”, the TCI stateset associated with bi may be deactivated. The MAC CE may be identifiedby a MAC PDU sub-header with an LCID. The LCID may be set to “101101”.

FIG. 22C illustrates an example of a DCI indication for the one or moreTCI state sets activated by a MAC CE. The base state may activate eightTCI state sets for the wireless device by the MAC CE (e.g., TCI stateset 1, TCI state set 3, TCI state set 4, TCI state set 6, TCI state set8, TCI state set 10, TCI state set 12, TCI state set 15). In example, acodepoint in the DCI indication may indicate one of the one or more TCIstate sets activated by the MAC CE. In example, a codepoint in the DCIindication may indicate one of the eight TCI state sets activated by theMAC CE. The wireless device may determine one or more TCI states for themultiple PDSCHs transmitted from the multiple TRPs. The wireless devicemay receive the DCI from a common search space or a UE specific searchspace of a control resource set (CORESET). In an example, a TCI stateset indication of the DCI may indicate a TCI state set from the one ormore TCI state sets activated by the MAC CE. In an example, a TCI stateset indication of the DCI may indicate a TCI state set from the eightTCI state sets activated by the MAC CE. In an example, an indicating ofthe TCI state set of the one or more TCI state sets may compriseindicating a TCI state set index or a TCI state set identification (ID)of the TCI state set. In an example, an indicating of the TCI state setof the eight TCI state sets may comprise indicating a TCI state setindex or a TCI state set identification (ID) of the TCI state set. TheDCI may comprise a bit field to indicate the TCI state set. The bitfield may comprise a plurality of bits. The bit field may comprise 3bits. In an example, when the bit field is 000, the DCI may indicate aTCI state set with index 0 (e.g., TCI state set 1). In an example, whenthe bit field is 001, the DCI may indicate a TCI state set with index 1(e.g., TCI state set 3). In an example, when the bit field is 010, theDCI may indicate a TCI state set with index 2 (e.g., TCI state set 4).In an example, when the bit field is 011, the DCI may indicate a TCIstate set with index 3 (e.g., TCI state set 6). In an example, when thebit field is 100, the DCI may indicate a TCI state set with index 4(e.g., TCI state set 8). In an example, when the bit field is 101, theDCI may indicate a TCI state set with index 5 (e.g., TCI state set 10).In an example, when the bit field is 110, the DCI may indicate a TCIstate set with index 6 (e.g., TCI state set 12). In an example, when thebit field is 111, the DCI may indicate a TCI state set with index 7(e.g., TCI state set 15).

In an example, as shown in FIG. 25, the wireless device may determine atransmission power based on the DCI indicating a TCI state set (or oneor more TCI states). The wireless device may receive one or morepathloss RSs from one or more TRPs via multiple active receiving panels(e.g., panel0 and panel1). The wireless device may receive a DCIindicating one or more TCI states. The wireless device may receive theDCI indicating a TCI state. The wireless device, based on the TCI state,may receive downlink transport blocks from a TRP (e.g., TRP0). Thewireless device may receive one or more pathloss reference signals (RSs)from the TRP (e.g., TRP0). The wireless device may measure (ordetermine), based on the one or more pathloss RSs, a first pathlossbetween the TRP (TRP0) and a first panel (e.g., panel0 of the wirelessdevice. The wireless device may measure (or determine), based on the oneor more pathloss RSs, a second pathloss between the TRP (TRP0) of theplurality of TRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1) and a second panel (e.g.,panel1) of the wireless device. The wireless device may determine, inresponse to the DCI comprising the TCI (e.g., indicating downlinktransport blocks transmission from a TRP (e.g., TRP0)), a combinedpathloss based on the first pathloss and the second pathloss. Thecombined pathloss may comprise a linear combination of the firstpathloss and the second pathloss (e.g., the combined pathloss=the firstpathloss×α+the second pathloss×β). In an example, α+β=1. In an example,α and β may be positive values. The wireless device may transmit anuplink transport block with a transmission power based on the combinedpathloss. The wireless device may calculate the transmission poweraccording to the below equations based on the combined pathloss andother power control parameters,

$P_{{PUSCH},b,f,c} = {\min\begin{Bmatrix}{P_{{CMAX},f,c},} \\{P_{{{O\_ UE}{\_ PUSCH}},b,f,c} + P_{{{O\_ NOMINAL}{\_ PUSCH}},f,c} + \Omega_{b,f,c} + {\alpha_{b,f,c} \cdot}} \\{{{PL}_{b,f,c,{combined}}\left( q_{d} \right)} + \Delta_{{TF},b,f,c} + {f_{b,f,c}(l)}}\end{Bmatrix}}$

[dBm]. The base station may indicate (or configure) pathloss referencesignal identification q_(d), alpha set identification, and/or closedloop power control index l to the wireless device. The alpha set maycomprise an alpha value α_(b,f,c) and a received target power valueP_(O_UE_PUSCH,b,f,c) In an example, suffix indexes b, f, and c may bebandwidth part identification, carrier identification and cellidentification, respectively. The station may configure a nominalreceived target power value P_(O_NOMINAL_PUSCH,f,c) to the wirelessdevice. In an example, P_(CMAX,f,c) may be a maximum power value incarrier f and cell c. In an example, Ω_(b,f,c) may be a value determinedby a pre-allocated uplink grant. In an example,PL_(b,f,c,combined)(q_(d)) may be the dBm value of the combined pathlossassociated with a pathloss reference signal identification q_(d). In anexample, Δ_(TF,b,f,c) may be determined by a modulation coding scheme ofthe pre-allocated uplink grant. In an example, f_(b,f,c) may be a closeloop power control parameter. The wireless device may comprise anadditional active panel for downlink reception. The wireless device maymeasure an additional pathloss between the TRP (e.g., TRP0) and theadditional active panel. The combined pathloss may be further based onthe additional pathloss for the linear combination.

The wireless device may receive a DCI indicating multiple TCI states(e.g., two TCI states). In an example, one of the two TCI states may beused for a transmission from TRP0. The other of the two TCI states maybe used for a transmission from TRP1. The two TCI states may indicatethe wireless device receiving downlink transport blocks from two TRPs(e.g., the panel0 receiving from TRP0 and the panel1 receiving fromTRP1). The wireless device may receive one or more pathloss referencesignals (RSs) from TRP0 via the panel0. The wireless device may receiveone or more pathloss reference signals (RSs) from TRP1 via the panel1.The wireless device may measure, based on the one or more pathloss RSsfrom TRP0, a third pathloss between the TRP (TRP0) and the first panel(e.g., the panel0 of the wireless device. The wireless device maymeasure, based on the one or more pathloss RSs from TRP1, a fourthpathloss between TRP1 and a second panel (e.g., the panel1) of thewireless device. The wireless device may transmit an uplink transportblock with a transmission power based on the third pathloss in responseto the wireless device using the panel0 for the uplink transmission. Thewireless device may transmit an uplink transport block with atransmission power based on the fourth pathloss in response to thewireless device using the panel1 for the uplink transmission. Thewireless device may calculate the transmission power according to thebelow equations based on the third pathloss (or the fourth pathloss) andother power control parameters,

$P_{{PUSCH},b,f,c} = {\min\begin{Bmatrix}{P_{{CMAX},f,c},} \\{P_{{{O\_ UE}{\_ PUSCH}},b,f,c} + P_{{{O\_ NOMINAL}{\_ PUSCH}},f,c} + \Omega_{b,f,c} + {\alpha_{b,f,c} \cdot}} \\{{{PL}_{b,f,c}\left( q_{d} \right)} + \Delta_{{TF},b,f,c} + {f_{b,f,c}(l)}}\end{Bmatrix}}$

[dBm]. In an example, PL_(b,f,c)(q_(d)) may be the dBm value of thethird pathloss (or the fourth pathloss) associated with a pathlossreference signal identification q_(d).

In an example, FIG. 26 illustrates an example of power control procedurefor multiple panels with embodiments of the present disclosure. In anexample, a wireless device may receive, from a base station, one or moreradio resource control (RRC) messages comprising configurationparameters of a plurality of transmission reception points (TRPs) attime T1. The configuration parameters may indicate: a plurality ofpathloss reference signals (RSs), and a plurality of transmissionconfiguration indications (TCIs) (or a plurality of TCI states). Theplurality of pathloss RSs may comprise channel state information (CSI)reference signals (CSI-RSs) and/or synchronization signal/physicalbroadcast channel blocks (SSBs). The plurality of pathloss referencesignals may comprise periodic CSI-RSs or semi persistent CSI-RSs. In anexample, plurality of pathloss reference signals may comprise aperiodicCSI-RSs. The base station may configure a plurality of transmissionconfiguration indication (TCI) state sets to the wireless device (e.g.via an RRC message). In an example, each of the plurality of TCI statesets may comprise one or more TCI states of the plurality of TCI states.The wireless device may receive, from the base station, a MAC CE foractivation or deactivation of one or more first (1st) TCI states of theplurality of TCI states at time T2. The wireless device may activate ordeactivate, based on the MAC CE, one or more TCI state sets of theplurality of TCI state sets. The wireless device may activate ordeactivate, based on the MAC CE, the one or more first (1st) TCI statesof the plurality of TCI states.

The base station may indicate (e.g., via a DCI) a TCI state set of theone or more TCI state sets of the plurality of TCI state sets to thewireless device. The TCI state set may comprise one or more TCI states.The wireless device may receive, from the base station, a DCI indicatingone or more second (2nd) TCI states of the one or more first (1st) TCIstates activated by the MAC CE at time T3. The wireless device maydetermine the one or more second (2nd) TCI states for the multiplePDSCHs transmission from one or more TRPs based on the DCI indication.The wireless device may receive the DCI indicating the one or moresecond (2nd) TCI states. The wireless device may receive the DCIindicating one second (2nd) TCI state. The wireless device may receive,based on the one second (2nd) TCI state, downlink transport blocks froma TRP (e.g., TRP0). The wireless device may receive one or more pathlossreference signals (RSs) from the TRP (e.g., TRP0). The wireless devicemay measure, based on the one or more pathloss RSs, a first pathlossbetween the TRP (TRP0) of the plurality of TRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1)and a first panel (e.g., panel0) of the wireless device at time T4. Thewireless device may measure, based on the one or more pathloss RSs, asecond pathloss between the TRP (TRP0) of the plurality of TRPs (e.g.,TRP0 and TRP1) and a second panel (e.g., panel1) of the wireless deviceat time T4. The wireless device may determine, in response to the DCIindicating the one second (2nd) TCI state (e.g., indicating downlinktransport blocks transmission from a TRP), a combined pathloss based onthe first pathloss and the second pathloss at time T5. The combinedpathloss may comprise a linear combination of the first pathloss and thesecond pathloss (e.g., the combined pathloss=the first pathloss×α+thesecond pathloss×β). In an example, α+β=1. In an example, α and β may bepositive values. The wireless device may transmit an uplink transportblock with a transmission power based on the combined pathloss at timeT6.

In an example, FIG. 27 illustrates an example of flow chart of powercontrol for multiple panels in accordance with embodiments of thepresent disclosure. In an example, a wireless device may receive, from abase station, one or more radio resource control (RRC) messagescomprising configuration parameters of a plurality of transmissionreception points (TRPs). The configuration parameters may indicate: aplurality of pathloss reference signals (RSs), and a plurality oftransmission configuration indications (TCIs) (or a plurality of TCIstates). The plurality of pathloss RSs may comprise channel stateinformation (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RSs) and/or synchronizationsignal/physical broadcast channel blocks (SSBs). The plurality ofpathloss reference signals may comprise periodic CSI-RSs or semipersistent CSI-RSs. In an example, plurality of pathloss referencesignals may comprise aperiodic CSI-RSs. The base station may configure aplurality of transmission configuration indication (TCI) state sets tothe wireless device (e.g. via an RRC message). In an example, each ofthe plurality of TCI state sets may comprise one or more TCI states ofthe plurality of TCI states. The wireless device may receive, from thebase station, a MAC CE for activation or deactivation of one or morefirst (1st) TCI states of the plurality of TCI states. The wirelessdevice may activate or deactivate, based on the MAC CE, one or more TCIstate sets of the plurality of TCI state sets. The wireless device mayactivate or deactivate, based on the MAC CE, the one or more first (1st)TCI states of the plurality of TCI states.

The base station may indicate (e.g., via a DCI) a TCI state set of theone or more TCI state sets of the plurality of TCI state sets to thewireless device. The TCI state set may comprise one or more TCI states.The wireless device may receive, from the base station, a DCI indicatingone or more second (2nd) TCI states of the one or more first (1st) TCIstates activated by the MAC CE. The wireless device may determine theone or more second (2nd) TCI states for the multiple PDSCHs transmissionfrom one or more TRPs based on the DCI indication. The wireless devicemay receive the DCI indicating the one or more second (2nd) TCI states.The wireless device may receive the DCI indicating one second (2nd) TCIstate (or one TCI). The one second (2^(nd)) TCI state (or the one TCI)may indicate the wireless device receiving downlink transport blocksfrom a TRP (e.g., TRP0). The wireless device may receive one or morepathloss reference signals (RSs) from the TRP (e.g., TRP0). The wirelessdevice may measure, based on the one or more pathloss RSs, a firstpathloss between the TRP (TRP0) of the plurality of TRPs (e.g., TRP0 andTRP1) and a first panel (e.g., panel0) of the wireless device. Thewireless device may measure, based on the one or more pathloss RSs, asecond pathloss between the TRP (TRP0) of the plurality of TRPs (e.g.,TRP0 and TRP1) and a second panel (e.g., panel1) of the wireless device.The wireless device may determine, in response to the DCI indicating theone second (2nd) TCI state (e.g., indicating downlink transport blockstransmission from a TRP), a combined pathloss based on the firstpathloss and the second pathloss. The combined pathloss may comprise alinear combination of the first pathloss and the second pathloss (e.g.,the combined pathloss=the first pathloss×α+the second pathloss×β). In anexample, α+β=1. In an example, α and β may be positive values. Thewireless device may transmit an uplink transport block with atransmission power based on the combined pathloss.

The wireless device may receive a DCI indicating multiple second (2nd)TCI states (e.g., two second (2nd) TCI states). In an example, one ofthe two second (2nd) TCI states may be used for a transmission fromTRP0. The other of the two second (2nd) TCI states may be used for atransmission from TRP1. The two second (2nd) TCI states may indicate thewireless device receiving downlink transport blocks from two TRPs (e.g.,the panel0 receiving from TRP0 and the panel1 receiving from TRP1). Thewireless device may receive one or more pathloss reference signals (RSs)from TRP0 via the panel0 The wireless device may receive one or morepathloss reference signals (RSs) from TRP1 via the panel1. The wirelessdevice may measure, based on the one or more pathloss RSs from TRP0, athird pathloss between the TRP (TRP0) and the first panel (e.g., thepanel0 of the wireless device. The wireless device may measure, based onthe one or more pathloss RSs from TRP1, a fourth pathloss between TRP1and a second panel (e.g., the panel1) of the wireless device. Thewireless device may transmit an uplink transport block with atransmission power based on the third pathloss in response to thewireless device using the panel0 for the uplink transmission. Thewireless device may transmit an uplink transport block with atransmission power based on the fourth pathloss in response to thewireless device using the panel1 for the uplink transmission.

In an example, a wireless device may receive one or more messagescomprising configuration parameters of a plurality of transmissionreception points (TRPs). The configuration parameters may indicate: aplurality of pathloss reference signals (RSs), and a plurality oftransmission configuration indication (TCI) states. The wireless devicemay receive a downlink control information (DCI) indicating: a TCI stateof the plurality of TCI states and one or more pathloss RSs of theplurality of pathloss RSs. The wireless device may measure, based on theone or more pathloss RSs, a first pathloss between a transmissionreception point (TRP) of a plurality of TRPs and a first panel of thewireless device. The wireless device may measure, based on the one ormore pathloss RSs, a second pathloss between the TRP and a second panelof the wireless device. The wireless device may determine, in responseto the DCI indicating the TCI, a combined pathloss based on the firstpathloss and the second pathloss. The wireless device may transmit anuplink transport block with a transmission power based on the combinedpathloss. The wireless device may measure an additional pathloss betweenthe TRP and an additional panel of the wireless device. The combinedpathloss may be further based on the additional pathloss. The pluralityof pathloss RSs may comprise channel state information reference signals(CSI-RSs) or synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel blocks(SSBs). In an example, each of the plurality of TCIs may indicate aspatial domain reception and/or transmission filter associated with areference signal. The receiving the DCI indicating the TCI state of theplurality of TCI states may comprise receiving the DCI indicating a TCIstate set of the plurality of TCI state sets. The TCI state set maycomprise one TCI state. The receiving the DCI may comprise receiving theDCI with a sounding reference signal resource indicator (SRI) indicatingthe one or more pathloss RSs. The determining the combined pathlossbased on the first pathloss and the second pathloss may comprise thecombined pathloss is averaged of the first pathloss and the secondpathloss. The determining the combined pathloss based on the firstpathloss and the second pathloss may comprise the combined pathloss is alinear combination of the first pathloss and the second pathloss. Thetransmission power may be an output transmission power of power controlbased on the combined pathloss.

FIG. 21A illustrates an example embodiment of downlink reception frommultiple TRPs for a wireless device. In an example, a base station mayconfigure a plurality of pathloss reference signals for multiple TRPs tothe wireless device. The plurality of pathloss reference signals maycomprise channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RSs)and/or synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel blocks (SSBs).The plurality of pathloss reference signals may comprise periodicCSI-RSs or semi persistent CSI-RSs. In an example, plurality of pathlossreference signals may comprise aperiodic CSI-RSs. The base station mayconfigure a plurality of transmission configuration indication (TCI)states to the wireless device (e.g. via an RRC message). The basestation may configure a plurality of transmission configurationindication (TCI) state sets to the wireless device (e.g. via an RRCmessage). In an example, each of the plurality of TCI state sets maycomprise one or more TCI states of the plurality of TCI states. The basestation may transmit a MAC CE to the wireless device for activation ordeactivation of one or more TCI states. The wireless device may activateor deactivate, based on the MAC CE, one or more TCI state sets of theplurality of TCI state sets. The wireless device may activate ordeactivate, based on the MAC CE, one or more TCI states of the pluralityof TCI state. The base station may indicate (e.g., via a DCI) a TCIstate set of the one or more TCI state sets of the plurality of TCIstate sets to the wireless device. The TCI state set may comprise one ormore TCI states. The base station may indicate (e.g., via a DCI) one ormore TCI states of the one or more TCI states activated by the MAC CE tothe wireless device. The wireless device may determine, based on the DCIindication, one or more TCI states for the multiple PDSCHs transmissionfrom the multiple TRPs. The wireless device may have multiple activepanels (e.g., panel0 and panel1) for the reception from the two TRPs(e.g., panel0 receives from TRP0, panel1 receives from TRP1) at a time.The wireless device may have multiple active panels (e.g., panel0 andpanel1) for the reception from a TRP (e.g., TRP0) of the two TRPs at atime.

The wireless device may have one active panel for transmission to a TRPof the multiple TRPs at a time. The one active panel may be one of themultiple active panels (e.g., panel0 and panel1). In an example, asshown in FIG. 21B, the active panel for uplink transmission may bepanel0 The wireless device may receive a DCI indicating one or more TCIstates. The wireless device may receive a DCI indicating a TCI state.The wireless device, based on the TCI state, may receive downlinktransport blocks from a TRP (e.g., TRP0). The wireless device mayreceive one or more pathloss reference signals (RSs) from the TRP (e.g.,TRP0). The wireless device may measure, based on the one or morepathloss RSs, a first pathloss between the TRP (TRP0) of the multipleTRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1) and a first panel (e.g., panel0 of thewireless device. The wireless device may measure, based on the one ormore pathloss RSs, a second pathloss between the TRP (TRP0) of themultiple TRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1) and a second panel (e.g., panel1) ofthe wireless device. The wireless device may determine, in response tothe DCI comprising the TCI (e.g., indicating downlink transport blockstransmission from a TRP), a selected pathloss based on the firstpathloss and the second pathloss. The selected pathloss may be a maximumvalue of the first pathloss and the second pathloss. The selectedpathloss may be a minimum value of the first pathloss and the secondpathloss. The wireless device may transmit an uplink transport blockwith a transmission power based on the selected pathloss. The wirelessdevice may determine the transmission power according to the belowequations based on the selected pathloss and other power controlparameters,

$P_{{PUSCH},b,f,c} = {\min\begin{Bmatrix}{P_{{CMAX},f,c},} \\{P_{{{O\_ UE}{\_ PUSCH}},b,f,c} + P_{{{O\_ NOMINAL}{\_ PUSCH}},f,c} + \Omega_{b,f,c} + {\alpha_{b,f,c} \cdot}} \\{{{PL}_{b,f,c,{selected}}\left( q_{d} \right)} + \Delta_{{TF},b,f,c} + {f_{b,f,c}(l)}}\end{Bmatrix}}$

[dBm]. The base station may indicate (or configure) pathloss referencesignal identification q_(d), alpha set identification, and/or closedloop power control index l to the wireless device. The alpha set maycomprise an alpha value α_(b,f,c) and a received target power valueP_(O_UE_PUSCH,b,f,c) In an example, suffix indexes b, f, and c may bebandwidth part identification, carrier identification and cellidentification, respectively. The station may configure a nominalreceived target power value P_(O_NOMINAL_PUSCH,f,c) to the wirelessdevice. In an example, P_(CMAX,f,c) may be a maximum power value incarrier f and cell c. In an example, Ω_(b,f,c) may be a value determinedby a pre-allocated uplink grant. In an example,PL_(b,f,c,selected)(q_(d)) may be the dBm value of the selected pathlossassociated with a pathloss reference signal identification q_(d). In anexample, Δ_(TF,b,f,c) may be determined by a modulation coding scheme ofthe pre-allocated uplink grant. In an example, f_(b,f,c) may be a closeloop power control parameter.

The wireless device may receive a DCI indicating multiple TCI states(e.g., two TCI states). In an example, one of the two TCI states may befor TRP0. The other of the two TCI states may be for TRP1. The wirelessdevice may receive, based on the two TCI states, downlink transportblocks from two TRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1). The wireless device mayreceive one or more pathloss reference signals (RSs) from TRP0 via thepanel0 The wireless device may receive one or more pathloss referencesignals (RSs) from TRP1 via the panel1. The wireless device may measure,based on the one or more pathloss RSs from TRP0, a third pathlossbetween the TRP (TRP0) of the plurality of TRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1)and the first panel (e.g., panel0 of the wireless device. The wirelessdevice may measure, based on the one or more pathloss RSs from TRP1, afourth pathloss between TRP1 of the plurality of TRPs (e.g., TRP0 andTRP1) and a second panel (e.g., panel1) of the wireless device. Thewireless device may transmit an uplink transport block with atransmission power based on the third pathloss in response to thewireless device using the panel0 for the uplink transmission. Thewireless device may transmit an uplink transport block with atransmission power based on the fourth pathloss in response to thewireless device using the panel1 for the uplink transmission. Thewireless device may calculate the transmission power according to thebelow equations based on the third pathloss (or the fourth pathloss) andother power control parameters,

$P_{{PUSCH},b,f,c} = {\min\begin{Bmatrix}{P_{{CMAX},f,c},} \\{P_{{{O\_ UE}{\_ PUSCH}},b,f,c} + P_{{{O\_ NOMINAL}{\_ PUSCH}},f,c} + \Omega_{b,f,c} + {\alpha_{b,f,c} \cdot}} \\{{{PL}_{b,f,c}\left( q_{d} \right)} + \Delta_{{TF},b,f,c} + {f_{b,f,c}(l)}}\end{Bmatrix}}$

[dBm]. In an example, PL_(b,f,c)(q_(d)) may be the dBm value of thethird pathloss (or the fourth pathloss) associated with a pathlossreference signal identification q_(d).

FIG. 22A illustrates an example of multiple TCI state sets configurationfor the wireless device. The base station may configure multiple TCIstate sets to the wireless device. The multiple TCI state sets maycomprise TCI state set 0, TCI state set 1, TCI state set 2, TCI stateset 3, . . . , TCI state set N−1. In an example, N may be a positiveinteger. In an example, each of the multiple TCI state sets may compriseone or more TCI states (e.g., for multiple TRPs case). In an example,each of the multiple TCI state sets may comprise one or two TCI states(e.g., two TCI states for two TRPs case). FIG. 22B illustrates anexample of a MAC CE structure for activation/deactivation of multipleTCI state sets. The base station may transmit the MAC CE to a wirelessdevice for activation/deactivation of the multiple TCI state sets. Thewireless device may activate/deactivate, based on the MAC CE, one ormore of the multiple TCI state sets (e.g., TCI state set 0, TCI stateset 1, TCI state set 2, TCI state set 3, . . . , TCI state set N−1)configured by an RRC message. The MAC CE may comprise one or moreoctets. The MAC CE may comprise a serving cell ID indication. The MAC CEmay comprise a BWP ID indication. The wireless device mayactivate/deactivate, based on the MAC CE, the multiple TCI state sets ofa cell with the serving cell ID. The wireless device mayactivate/deactivate, based on the MAC CE, the multiple TCI state sets ona BWP with the BWP ID. The wireless device may activate/deactivate,based on the MAC CE, the multiple TCI state sets in a BWP of a cell withthe BWP ID and the serving cell ID. In an example, one bit of the MAC CEmay be associated with one of the multiple TCI state sets configured bythe RRC message (e.g., bi may be associated with one of the multiple TCIstate sets, and i is from 0 to 23). In an example, a bi may indicate anactivated/deactivated status of one of the multiple TCI state sets. Inan example, when bi is set to “1”, an TCI state set associated with bimay be activated. In an example, when bi is set to “0”, the TCI stateset associated with bi may be deactivated. The MAC CE may be identifiedby a MAC PDU sub-header with an LCID. The LCID may be set to “101101”.

FIG. 22C illustrates an example of a DCI indication for the one or moreTCI state sets activated by a MAC CE. The base state may activate eightTCI state sets for the wireless device by the MAC CE (e.g., TCI stateset 1, TCI state set 3, TCI state set 4, TCI state set 6, TCI state set8, TCI state set 10, TCI state set 12, TCI state set 15). In example, acodepoint in the DCI indication may indicate one of the one or more TCIstate sets activated by the MAC CE. In example, a codepoint in the DCIindication may indicate one of the eight TCI state sets activated by theMAC CE. The wireless device may determine one or more TCI states for themultiple PDSCHs transmitted from the multiple TRPs. The wireless devicemay receive the DCI from a common search space or a UE specific searchspace of a control resource set (CORESET). In an example, a TCI stateset indication of the DCI may indicate a TCI state set from the one ormore TCI state sets activated by the MAC CE. In an example, a TCI stateset indication of the DCI may indicate a TCI state set from the eightTCI state sets activated by the MAC CE. In an example, an indicating ofthe TCI state set of the one or more TCI state sets may compriseindicating a TCI state set index or a TCI state set identification (ID)of the TCI state set. In an example, an indicating of the TCI state setof the eight TCI state sets may comprise indicating a TCI state setindex or a TCI state set identification (ID) of the TCI state set. TheDCI may comprise a bit field to indicate the TCI state set. The bitfield may comprise a plurality of bits. The bit field may comprise 3bits. In an example, when the bit field is 000, the DCI may indicate aTCI state set with index 0 (e.g., TCI state set 1). In an example, whenthe bit field is 001, the DCI may indicate a TCI state set with index 1(e.g., TCI state set 3). In an example, when the bit field is 010, theDCI may indicate a TCI state set with index 2 (e.g., TCI state set 4).In an example, when the bit field is 011, the DCI may indicate a TCIstate set with index 3 (e.g., TCI state set 6). In an example, when thebit field is 100, the DCI may indicate a TCI state set with index 4(e.g., TCI state set 8). In an example, when the bit field is 101, theDCI may indicate a TCI state set with index 5 (e.g., TCI state set 10).In an example, when the bit field is 110, the DCI may indicate a TCIstate set with index 6 (e.g., TCI state set 12). In an example, when thebit field is 111, the DCI may indicate a TCI state set with index 7(e.g., TCI state set 15).

In an example, as shown in FIG. 28, the wireless device may determine atransmission power based on the DCI indicating a TCI state set (or oneor more TCI states). The wireless device may receive one or morepathloss RSs from one or more TRPs via multiple active receiving panels(e.g., panel0 and panel1). The wireless device may receive a DCIindicating one or more TCI states. The wireless device may receive theDCI indicating a TCI state. The wireless device may receive, based onthe TCI state, downlink transport blocks from a TRP (e.g., TRP0). Thewireless device may receive one or more pathloss reference signals (RSs)from the TRP (e.g., TRP0). The wireless device may measure (ordetermine), based on the one or more pathloss RSs, a first pathlossbetween the TRP (TRP0) and a first panel (e.g., panel0 of the wirelessdevice. The wireless device may measure (or determine), based on the oneor more pathloss RSs, a second pathloss between the TRP (TRP0) of theplurality of TRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1) and a second panel (e.g.,panel1) of the wireless device. The wireless device may determine, inresponse to the DCI indicating the TCI state (e.g., indicating downlinktransport blocks transmission from a TRP), a pathloss selected from thefirst pathloss and the second pathloss. The selected pathloss may be amaximum value of the first pathloss and the second pathloss. Theselected pathloss may be a minimum value of the first pathloss and thesecond pathloss. The wireless device may transmit an uplink transportblock with a transmission power based on the selected pathloss. Thewireless device may determine the transmission power according to thebelow equations based on the selected pathloss and other power controlparameters,

$P_{{PUSCH},b,f,c} = {\min\begin{Bmatrix}{P_{{CMAX},f,c},} \\{P_{{{O\_ UE}{\_ PUSCH}},b,f,c} + P_{{{O\_ NOMINAL}{\_ PUSCH}},f,c} + \Omega_{b,f,c} + {\alpha_{b,f,c} \cdot}} \\{{{PL}_{b,f,c,{selected}}\left( q_{d} \right)} + \Delta_{{TF},b,f,c} + {f_{b,f,c}(l)}}\end{Bmatrix}}$

[dBm]. The base station may indicate (or configure) pathloss referencesignal identification q_(d), alpha set identification, and/or closedloop power control index l to the wireless device. The alpha set maycomprise an alpha value α_(b,f,c) and a received target power valueP_(O_UE_PUSCH,b,f,c) In an example, suffix indexes b, f, and c may bebandwidth part identification, carrier identification and cellidentification, respectively. The station may configure a nominalreceived target power value P_(O_NOMINAL_PUSCH,f,c) to the wirelessdevice. In an example, P_(CMAX,f,c) may be a maximum power value incarrier f and cell c. In an example, Ω_(b,f,c) may be a value determinedby a pre-allocated uplink grant. In an example,PL_(b,f,c,selected)(q_(d)) may be the dBm value of the selected pathlossassociated with a pathloss reference signal identification q_(d). In anexample, Δ_(TF,b,f,c) may be determined by a modulation coding scheme ofthe pre-allocated uplink grant. In an example, f_(b,f,c) may be a closeloop power control parameter. The wireless device may comprise anadditional active panel for downlink reception. The wireless device maymeasure an additional pathloss between the TRP (e.g., TRP0) and theadditional active panel. The selected pathloss may be further based onthe additional pathloss for the selection.

The wireless device may receive a DCI indicating multiple TCI states(e.g., two TCI states). In an example, one of the two TCI states may beused for a transmission from TRP0. The other of the two TCI states maybe used for a transmission from TRP1. The two TCI states may indicatethe wireless device receiving downlink transport blocks from two TRPs(e.g., the panel0 receiving from TRP0 and the panel1 receiving fromTRP1). The wireless device may receive one or more pathloss referencesignals (RSs) from TRP0 via the panel0 The wireless device may receiveone or more pathloss reference signals (RSs) from TRP1 via the panel1.The wireless device may measure, based on the one or more pathloss RSsfrom TRP0, a third pathloss between the TRP (TRP0) and the first panel(e.g., the panel0 of the wireless device. The wireless device maymeasure, based on the one or more pathloss RSs from TRP1, a fourthpathloss between TRP1 and a second panel (e.g., the panel1) of thewireless device. The wireless device may transmit an uplink transportblock with a transmission power based on the third pathloss in responseto the wireless device using the panel0 for the uplink transmission. Thewireless device may transmit an uplink transport block with atransmission power based on the fourth pathloss in response to thewireless device using the panel1 for the uplink transmission. Thewireless device may calculate the transmission power according to thebelow equations based on the third pathloss (or the fourth pathloss) andother power control parameters,

$P_{{PUSCH},b,f,c} = {\min\begin{Bmatrix}{P_{{CMAX},f,c},} \\{P_{{{O\_ UE}{\_ PUSCH}},b,f,c} + P_{{{O\_ NOMINAL}{\_ PUSCH}},f,c} + \Omega_{b,f,c} + {\alpha_{b,f,c} \cdot}} \\{{{PL}_{b,f,c}\left( q_{d} \right)} + \Delta_{{TF},b,f,c} + {f_{b,f,c}(l)}}\end{Bmatrix}}$

[dBm]. In an example, PL_(b,f,c)(q_(d)) may be the dBm value of thethird pathloss (or the fourth pathloss) associated with a pathlossreference signal identification q_(d).

In an example, FIG. 29 illustrates an example of power control procedurefor multiple panels with embodiments of the present disclosure. In anexample, a wireless device may receive, from a base station, one or moreradio resource control (RRC) messages comprising configurationparameters of a plurality of transmission reception points (TRPs) attime T1. The configuration parameters may indicate: a plurality ofpathloss reference signals (RSs), and a plurality of transmissionconfiguration indications (TCIs) (or a plurality of TCI states). Theplurality of pathloss RSs may comprise channel state information (CSI)reference signals (CSI-RSs), and/or synchronization signal/physicalbroadcast channel blocks (SSBs). The plurality of pathloss referencesignals may comprise periodic CSI-RSs or semi persistent CSI-RSs. In anexample, plurality of pathloss reference signals may comprise aperiodicCSI-RSs. The base station may configure a plurality of transmissionconfiguration indication (TCI) state sets to the wireless device (e.g.via an RRC message). In an example, each of the plurality of TCI statesets may comprise one or more TCI states of the plurality of TCI states.The wireless device may receive, from the base station, a MAC CE foractivation or deactivation of one or more first (1st) TCI states of theplurality of TCI states at time T2. The wireless device mayactivate/deactivate, based on the MAC CE, one or more TCI state sets ofthe plurality of TCI state sets. The wireless device mayactivate/deactivate, based on the MAC CE, the one or more first (1st)TCI states of the plurality of TCI states.

The base station may indicate (e.g., via a DCI) a TCI state set of theone or more TCI state sets of the plurality of TCI state sets to thewireless device. The TCI state set may comprise one or more TCI states.The wireless device may receive, from the base station, a DCI indicatingone or more second (2nd) TCI states of the one or more first (1st) TCIstates activated by the MAC CE at time T3. The wireless device maydetermine the one or more second (2nd) TCI states for the multiplePDSCHs transmission from one or more TRPs based on the DCI indication.The wireless device may receive the DCI indicating the one or moresecond (2nd) TCI states. The wireless device may receive the DCIindicating one TCI state. The wireless device, based on the one TCIstate, may receive downlink transport block(s) from a TRP (e.g., TRP0).The wireless device may receive one or more pathloss reference signals(RSs) from the TRP (e.g., TRP0). The wireless device may measure, basedon the one or more pathloss RSs, a first pathloss between the TRP (TRP0)of the plurality of TRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1) and a first panel (e.g.,panel0) of the wireless device at time T4. The wireless device maymeasure, based on the one or more pathloss RSs, a second pathlossbetween the TRP (TRP0) of the plurality of TRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1)and a second panel (e.g., panel1) of the wireless device at time T4. Thewireless device may determine, in response to the DCI indicating the oneTCI state (e.g., indicating downlink transport blocks transmission froma TRP), a pathloss selected from the first pathloss and the secondpathloss at time T5. The selected pathloss may be a maximum value of thefirst pathloss and the second pathloss. The selected pathloss may be aminimum value of the first pathloss and the second pathloss. Thewireless device may transmit an uplink transport block with atransmission power based on the selected pathloss at time T6.

In an example, FIG. 30 illustrates an example of flow chart of powercontrol for multiple panels in accordance with embodiments of thepresent disclosure. In an example, a wireless device may receive, from abase station, one or more radio resource control (RRC) messagescomprising configuration parameters of a plurality of transmissionreception points (TRPs). The configuration parameters may indicating: aplurality of pathloss reference signals (RSs), and a plurality oftransmission configuration indications (TCIs) (or a plurality of TCIstates). The plurality of pathloss RSs may comprise channel stateinformation (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RSs), and/or synchronizationsignal/physical broadcast channel blocks (SSBs). The plurality ofpathloss reference signals may comprise periodic CSI-RSs or semipersistent CSI-RSs. In an example, plurality of pathloss referencesignals may comprise aperiodic CSI-RSs. The base station may configure aplurality of transmission configuration indication (TCI) state sets tothe wireless device (e.g. via an RRC message). In an example, each ofthe plurality of TCI state sets may comprise one or more TCI states ofthe plurality of TCI states. The wireless device may receive, from thebase station, a MAC CE for activation or deactivation of one or morefirst (1st) TCI states of the plurality of TCI states. The wirelessdevice may activate/deactivate, based on the MAC CE, one or more TCIstate sets of the plurality of TCI state sets. The wireless device mayactivate/deactivate, based on the MAC CE, the one or more first (1st)TCI states of the plurality of TCI states.

The base station may indicate (e.g., via a DCI) a TCI state set of theone or more TCI state sets of the plurality of TCI state sets to thewireless device. The TCI state set may comprise one or more TCI states.The wireless device may receive, from the base station, a DCI indicatingone or more second (2nd) TCI states of the one or more first (1st) TCIstates activated by the MAC CE. The wireless device may determine one ormore second (2nd) TCI states for the multiple PDSCHs transmission fromone or more TRPs based on the DCI indication. The wireless device mayreceive the DCI indicating the one or more second (2nd) TCI states. Thewireless device may receive the DCI indicating the one second (2nd) TCIstate (or one TCI). The one second (2nd) TCI state (or the one TCI) mayindicate the wireless device receiving downlink transport blocks from aTRP (e.g., TRP0). The wireless device may receive one or more pathlossreference signals (RSs) from the TRP (e.g., TRP0). The wireless devicemay measure, based on the one or more pathloss RSs, a first pathlossbetween the TRP (TRP0) of the plurality of TRPs (e.g., TRP0 and TRP1)and a first panel (e.g., panel0 of the wireless device. The wirelessdevice may measure, based on the one or more pathloss RSs, a secondpathloss between the TRP (TRP0) of the plurality of TRPs (e.g., TRP0 andTRP1) and a second panel (e.g., panel1) of the wireless device. Thewireless device may determine, in response to the DCI indicating the onesecond (2nd) TCI state (e.g., indicating downlink transport blockstransmission from a TRP), a pathloss selected from the first pathlossand the second pathloss. The selected pathloss may be a maximum value ofthe first pathloss and the second pathloss. The selected pathloss may bea minimum value of the first pathloss and the second pathloss. Thewireless device may transmit an uplink transport block with atransmission power based on the selected pathloss.

The wireless device may receive a DCI indicating multiple second (2nd)TCI states (e.g., two second (2nd) TCI states). In an example, one ofthe two second (2nd) TCI states may be used for a transmission fromTRP0. The other of the two second (2nd) TCI states may be used for atransmission form TRP1. The two second (2nd) TCI states may indicate thewireless device receiving downlink transport blocks from two TRPs (e.g.,the panel0 receiving from TRP0 and the panel1 receiving from TRP1). Thewireless device may receive one or more pathloss reference signals (RSs)from TRP0 via the panel0 The wireless device may receive one or morepathloss reference signals (RSs) from TRP1 via the panel1. The wirelessdevice may measure, based on the one or more pathloss RSs from TRP0, athird pathloss between the TRP (TRP0) and the first panel (e.g., thepanel0 of the wireless device. The wireless device may measure, based onthe one or more pathloss RSs from TRP1, a fourth pathloss between TRP1and a second panel (e.g., the panel1) of the wireless device. Thewireless device may transmit an uplink transport block with atransmission power based on the third pathloss in response to thewireless device using the panel0 for the uplink transmission. Thewireless device may transmit an uplink transport block with atransmission power based on the fourth pathloss in response to thewireless device using the panel1 for the uplink transmission.

In an example, a wireless device may receive a downlink controlinformation (DCI) indicating a transmission configuration indication(TCI) state of a plurality of TCI states and one or more pathlossreference signals (RSs). The wireless device may measure, based on theone or more pathloss RSs, a first pathloss between a transmissionreception point (TRP) of a plurality of TRPs and a first panel of thewireless device. The wireless device may measure, based on the one ormore pathloss RSs, a second pathloss between the TRP and a second panelof the wireless device. The wireless device may determine, in responseto the DCI indicating the TCI state, a pathloss selected from the firstpathloss and the second pathloss. The wireless device may transmit anuplink transport block with a transmission power based on the selectedpathloss. The selected pathloss may be a maximum value of the firstpathloss and the second pathloss. The wireless device may measure anadditional pathloss between the TRP and an additional panel of thewireless device. The selected pathloss may be further based on theadditional pathloss. The one or more pathloss RSs may comprise channelstate information reference signals (CSI-RSs) or synchronizationsignal/physical broadcast channel blocks (SSBs). In an example, each ofthe plurality of TCI states may indicate a spatial domain receptionand/or transmission filter associated with a reference signal. Thereceiving the DCI indicating the TCI state of the plurality of TCIstates may comprise receiving the DCI indicating a TCI state set of theplurality of TCI state sets. The TCI state set may comprise one TCIstate. The receiving the DCI may comprise receiving the DCI with asounding reference signal resource indicator (SRI) indicating the one ormore pathloss RSs. The transmission power may be an output transmissionpower of power control based on the selected pathloss.

In an example, a wireless device may receive a downlink controlinformation (DCI) indicating multiple transmission configurationindication (TCI) states of a plurality of TCI states and one or morepathloss reference signals (RSs). The wireless device may measure, basedon the one or more pathloss RSs, a first pathloss between a firsttransmission reception point (TRP) of a plurality of TRPs and a firstpanel of the wireless device. The wireless device may measure, based onthe one or more pathloss RSs, a second pathloss between a second TRP ofthe plurality of TRPs and a second panel of the wireless device. Thewireless device may determine, in response to the DCI indicating themultiple TCI states, a pathloss from the first pathloss and the secondpathloss. The wireless device may transmit an uplink transport blockwith a transmission power based on the pathloss. The determining thepathloss from the first pathloss and the second pathloss may comprisedetermining the pathloss according to an uplink panel. The determiningthe pathloss according to an uplink panel may comprise determining thepathloss as the first pathloss in response to the uplink panel being thefirst panel. The determining the pathloss according to an uplink panelmay comprise determining the pathloss as the second pathloss in responseto the uplink panel being the second panel.

According to various embodiments, a device such as, for example, awireless device, off-network wireless device, a base station, and/or thelike, may comprise one or more processors and memory. The memory maystore instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors,cause the device to perform a series of actions. Embodiments of exampleactions are illustrated in the accompanying figures and specification.Features from various embodiments may be combined to create yet furtherembodiments.

FIG. 31 is a flow diagram as per an aspect of an example embodiment ofthe present disclosure. At 3110, a wireless device may receive adownlink control information (DCI). The DCI may indicate one or moretransmission configuration indication (TCI) states. At 3120, thewireless device may measure, based on one or more pathloss referencesignals (RSs), a first pathloss between a transmission reception point(TRP) and a first panel of the wireless device. The wireless device maymeasure, based on the one or more pathloss RSs, a second pathlossbetween the TRP and a second panel of the wireless device. At 3130, thewireless device may determine a pathloss based on a quantity of the oneor more TCI states indicated by the DCI. The pathloss may be a combinedpathloss based on the first pathloss and the second pathloss in responseto the quantity being equal to one. The pathloss may be one of the firstpathloss and the second pathloss in response to the quantity beinggreater than one. At 3140, the wireless device may transmit a transportblock with a transmission power based on the pathloss.

FIG. 32 is a flow diagram as per an aspect of an example embodiment ofthe present disclosure. At 3210, a base station may transmit a downlinkcontrol information (DCI). The DCI may indicate one or more transmissionconfiguration indication (TCI) states. At 3220, the base station maytransmit one or more pathloss reference signals (RSs). At 3230, the basestation may receive a transport block with a transmission power based ona pathloss. The pathloss may be determined based on a quantity of theone or more TCI states.

According to various embodiments, a wireless device may receive adownlink control information (DCI). The DCI may indicate one or moretransmission configuration indication (TCI) states. The wireless devicemay measure, based on one or more pathloss reference signals (RSs), afirst pathloss between a transmission reception point (TRP) and a firstpanel of the wireless device. The wireless device may measure, based onthe one or more pathloss RSs, a second pathloss between the TRP and asecond panel of the wireless device. The wireless device may determine apathloss based on a quantity of the one or more TCI states indicated bythe DCI. The pathloss may be a combined pathloss based on the firstpathloss and the second pathloss in response to the quantity being equalto one. The pathloss may be one of the first pathloss and the secondpathloss in response to the quantity being greater than one. Thewireless device may transmit a transport block with a transmission powerbased on the pathloss.

According to various embodiments, the wireless device may measure anadditional pathloss between the TRP and an additional panel of thewireless device. According to various embodiments, the combined pathlossmay be further based on the additional pathloss. According to variousembodiments, the one or more pathloss RSs may comprise one or morechannel state information reference signals. The one or more pathlossRSs may comprise one or more synchronization signal blocks. According tovarious embodiments, each of the one or more TCI states may comprise oneor more downlink RSs. According to various embodiments, each of the oneor more TCI states may comprise one or more sounding RSs. According tovarious embodiments, the combined pathloss may be an average of thefirst pathloss and the second pathloss. According to variousembodiments, the combined pathloss may be a linear combination of thefirst pathloss and the second pathloss. According to variousembodiments, the transmission power may be an output transmission powerof power control based on the pathloss. According to variousembodiments, the power control based on the pathloss may comprise apower control procedure for a physical uplink shared channel.

According to various embodiments, a base station may transmit a downlinkcontrol information (DCI). The DCI may indicate one or more transmissionconfiguration indication (TCI) states. The base station may transmit oneor more pathloss reference signals (RSs). The base station may receive atransport block with a transmission power based on a pathloss. Thepathloss may be determined based on a quantity of the one or more TCIstates.

According to various embodiments, a wireless device may receive one ormore messages comprising configuration parameters of a plurality oftransmission reception points (TRPs). The configuration parameters mayindicate a plurality of transmission configuration indication (TCI)states. The wireless device may receive a downlink control information(DCI). The DCI may indicate one or more TCI states of the plurality ofTCI states. The wireless device may measure, based on one or morepathloss reference signals (RSs), a first pathloss between a TRP and afirst panel of the wireless device. The wireless device may measure,based on the one or more pathloss RSs, a second pathloss between the TRPand a second panel of the wireless device. The wireless device maydetermine a pathloss based on a quantity of the one or more TCI statesindicated by the DCI. The pathloss may be a combined pathloss based onthe first pathloss and the second pathloss in response to the quantitybeing equal to one. The pathloss may be one of the first pathloss andthe second pathloss in response to the quantity being greater than one.The wireless device may transmit a transport block with a transmissionpower based on the pathloss.

According to various embodiments, a base station may transmit one ormore messages comprising configuration parameters of a plurality oftransmission reception points (TRPs). The configuration parameters mayindicate a plurality of transmission configuration indication (TCI)states. The base station may transmit a downlink control information(DCI). The DCI may indicate one or more TCI states of the plurality ofTCI states. The base station may receive a transport block with atransmission power based on a pathloss. The pathloss may be determinedbased on a quantity of the one or more TCI states.

According to various embodiments, a wireless device may receive adownlink control information (DCI). The DCI may indicate one or moretransmission configuration indication (TCI) states. The wireless devicemay measure, based on one or more pathloss reference signals (RSs) andthe one or more TCI states, a first pathloss between a transmissionreception point (TRP) and a first panel of the wireless device. Thewireless device may measure, based on the one or more pathloss RSs andthe one or more TCI states, a second pathloss between the TRP and asecond panel of the wireless device. The wireless device may select apathloss from the first pathloss and the second pathloss. The wirelessdevice may transmit a transport block with a transmission power based onthe pathloss.

According to various embodiments, a base station may receive a downlinkcontrol information (DCI). The DCI may indicate one or more transmissionconfiguration indication (TCI) states. The base station may transmit oneor more pathloss references signals (RSs). The base station may receivea transport block with a transmission power based on a pathloss. Thepathloss may be determined based on the one or more pathloss RSs and theone or more TCI states.

According to various embodiments, a wireless device may receive one ormore messages comprising configuration parameters of a plurality oftransmission reception points (TRPs). The configuration parameters mayindicate a plurality of transmission configuration indication (TCI)states. The wireless device may receive a downlink control information(DCI). The DCI may indicate one or more TCI states of the plurality ofTCI states. The wireless device may measure, based on one or morepathloss reference signals (RSs) and the one or more TCI states, a firstpathloss between a TRP and a first panel of the wireless device. Thewireless device may measure, based on the one or more pathloss RSs andthe one or more TCI states, a second pathloss between the TRP and asecond panel of the wireless device. The wireless device may select apathloss from the first pathloss and the second pathloss. The wirelessdevice may transmit a transport block with a transmission power based onthe pathloss.

According to various embodiments, a base station may transmit one ormore messages comprising configuration parameters of a plurality oftransmission reception points (TRPs). The configuration parameters mayindicate a plurality of transmission configuration indication (TCI)states. The base station may transmit one or more reference signals(RSs). The base station may transmit a downlink control information(DCI). The DCI may indicate one or more TCI states of the plurality ofTCI states. The base station may receive a transport block with atransmission power based on a pathloss. The pathloss may be determinedbased on the one or more pathloss RSs and the one or more TCI states.

Embodiments may be configured to operate as needed. The disclosedmechanism may be performed when certain criteria are met, for example,in a wireless device, a base station, a radio environment, a network, acombination of the above, and/or the like. Example criteria may bebased, at least in part, on for example, wireless device or network nodeconfigurations, traffic load, initial system set up, packet sizes,traffic characteristics, a combination of the above, and/or the like.When the one or more criteria are met, various example embodiments maybe applied. Therefore, it may be possible to implement exampleembodiments that selectively implement disclosed protocols.

A base station may communicate with a mix of wireless devices. Wirelessdevices and/or base stations may support multiple technologies, and/ormultiple releases of the same technology. Wireless devices may have somespecific capability(ies) depending on wireless device category and/orcapability(ies). A base station may comprise multiple sectors. When thisdisclosure refers to a base station communicating with a plurality ofwireless devices, this disclosure may refer to a subset of the totalwireless devices in a coverage area. This disclosure may refer to, forexample, a plurality of wireless devices of a given LTE or 5G releasewith a given capability and in a given sector of the base station. Theplurality of wireless devices in this disclosure may refer to a selectedplurality of wireless devices, and/or a subset of total wireless devicesin a coverage area which perform according to disclosed methods, and/orthe like. There may be a plurality of base stations or a plurality ofwireless devices in a coverage area that may not comply with thedisclosed methods, for example, because those wireless devices or basestations perform based on older releases of LTE or 5G technology.

In this disclosure, “a” and “an” and similar phrases are to beinterpreted as “at least one” and “one or more.” Similarly, any termthat ends with the suffix “(s)” is to be interpreted as “at least one”and “one or more.” In this disclosure, the term “may” is to beinterpreted as “may, for example.” In other words, the term “may” isindicative that the phrase following the term “may” is an example of oneof a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, beemployed to one or more of the various embodiments.

If A and B are sets and every element of A is also an element of B, A iscalled a subset of B. In this specification, only non-empty sets andsubsets are considered. For example, possible subsets of B={cell1,cell2} are: {cell1}, {cell2}, and {cell1, cell2}. The phrase “based on”(or equally “based at least on”) is indicative that the phrase followingthe term “based on” is an example of one of a multitude of suitablepossibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of thevarious embodiments. The phrase “in response to” (or equally “inresponse at least to”) is indicative that the phrase following thephrase “in response to” is an example of one of a multitude of suitablepossibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of thevarious embodiments. The phrase “depending on” (or equally “depending atleast to”) is indicative that the phrase following the phrase “dependingon” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities thatmay, or may not, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments.The phrase “employing/using” (or equally “employing/using at least”) isindicative that the phrase following the phrase “employing/using” is anexample of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or maynot, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments.

The term configured may relate to the capacity of a device whether thedevice is in an operational or non-operational state. Configured mayalso refer to specific settings in a device that effect the operationalcharacteristics of the device whether the device is in an operational ornon-operational state. In other words, the hardware, software, firmware,registers, memory values, and/or the like may be “configured” within adevice, whether the device is in an operational or nonoperational state,to provide the device with specific characteristics. Terms such as “acontrol message to cause in a device” may mean that a control messagehas parameters that may be used to configure specific characteristics ormay be used to implement certain actions in the device, whether thedevice is in an operational or non-operational state.

In this disclosure, various embodiments are disclosed. Limitations,features, and/or elements from the disclosed example embodiments may becombined to create further embodiments within the scope of thedisclosure.

In this disclosure, parameters (or equally called, fields, orInformation elements: IEs) may comprise one or more information objects,and an information object may comprise one or more other objects. Forexample, if parameter (IE) N comprises parameter (IE) M, and parameter(IE) M comprises parameter (IE) K, and parameter (IE) K comprisesparameter (information element) J. Then, for example, N comprises K, andN comprises J. In an example embodiment, when one or more messagescomprise a plurality of parameters, it implies that a parameter in theplurality of parameters is in at least one of the one or more messages,but does not have to be in each of the one or more messages.

Furthermore, many features presented above are described as beingoptional through the use of “may” or the use of parentheses. For thesake of brevity and legibility, the present disclosure does notexplicitly recite each and every permutation that may be obtained bychoosing from the set of optional features. However, the presentdisclosure is to be interpreted as explicitly disclosing all suchpermutations. For example, a system described as having three optionalfeatures may be embodied in seven different ways, namely with just oneof the three possible features, with any two of the three possiblefeatures or with all three of the three possible features.

Many of the elements described in the disclosed embodiments may beimplemented as modules. A module is defined here as an element thatperforms a defined function and has a defined interface to otherelements. The modules described in this disclosure may be implemented inhardware, software in combination with hardware, firmware, wetware (i.e.hardware with a biological element) or a combination thereof, all ofwhich may be behaviorally equivalent. For example, modules may beimplemented as a software routine written in a computer languageconfigured to be executed by a hardware machine (such as C, C++,Fortran, Java, Basic, Matlab or the like) or a modeling/simulationprogram such as Simulink, Stateflow, GNU Octave, or LabVIEWMathScript.Additionally, it may be possible to implement modules using physicalhardware that incorporates discrete or programmable analog, digitaland/or quantum hardware. Examples of programmable hardware comprise:computers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, application-specificintegrated circuits (ASICs); field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs); andcomplex programmable logic devices (CPLDs). Computers, microcontrollersand microprocessors are programmed using languages such as assembly, C,C++ or the like. FPGAs, ASICs and CPLDs are often programmed usinghardware description languages (HDL) such as VHSIC hardware descriptionlanguage (VHDL) or Verilog that configure connections between internalhardware modules with lesser functionality on a programmable device. Theabove mentioned technologies are often used in combination to achievethe result of a functional module.

The disclosure of this patent document incorporates material which issubject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection tothe facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or thepatent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Officepatent file or records, for the limited purposes required by law, butotherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

While various embodiments have been described above, it should beunderstood that they have been presented by way of example, and notlimitation. It will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevantart(s) that various changes in form and detail can be made thereinwithout departing from the scope. In fact, after reading the abovedescription, it will be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art(s)how to implement alternative embodiments. Thus, the present embodimentsshould not be limited by any of the above described exemplaryembodiments.

In addition, it should be understood that any figures which highlightthe functionality and advantages, are presented for example purposesonly. The disclosed architecture is sufficiently flexible andconfigurable, such that it may be utilized in ways other than thatshown. For example, the actions listed in any flowchart may bere-ordered or only optionally used in some embodiments.

Further, the purpose of the Abstract of the Disclosure is to enable theU.S. Patent and Trademark Office and the public generally, andespecially the scientists, engineers and practitioners in the art whoare not familiar with patent or legal terms or phraseology, to determinequickly from a cursory inspection the nature and essence of thetechnical disclosure of the application. The Abstract of the Disclosureis not intended to be limiting as to the scope in any way.

Finally, it is the applicant's intent that only claims that include theexpress language “means for” or “step for” be interpreted under 35U.S.C. 112. Claims that do not expressly include the phrase “means for”or “step for” are not to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: receiving, by a wirelessdevice equipped with multiple panels, downlink control information (DCI)indicating one or more transmission configuration indication (TCI)states; determining, based on a quantity of the one or more TCI statesbeing greater than one: a first pathloss for a first panel of themultiple panels based on a first pathloss reference signal (RS); and asecond pathloss for a second panel of the multiple panels based on asecond pathloss RS; and transmitting, via at least one of the firstpanel and the second panel, an uplink signal with a transmission powerbased on the first pathloss and the second pathloss.
 2. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the determining comprises measuring the first pathlossand the second pathloss.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the firstpathloss is between the first panel and a transmission reception point(TRP), and the second pathloss is between the second panel and the TRP.4. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first pathloss RSor the second pathloss RS comprise: a channel state informationreference signal; or a synchronization signal block.
 5. The method ofclaim 1, wherein each of the one or more TCI states comprises one ormore downlink RSs.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the one ormore TCI states comprises one or more sounding RSs.
 7. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the transmission power is an output transmission powerof power control based on the first pathloss RS and the second pathlossRS.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the power control comprises apower control procedure for a physical uplink shared channel.
 9. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising receiving a message activating aTCI state set comprising the one or more TCI states.
 10. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising receiving one or more messages indicatingthe first pathloss RS and the second pathloss RS.
 11. A wireless devicecomprising: multiple panels comprising a first panel and a second panel;one or more processors; and memory storing instructions that, whenexecuted by the one or more processors, cause the wireless device to:receive downlink control information (DCI) indicating one or moretransmission configuration indication (TCI) states; determine, based ona quantity of the one or more TCI states being greater than one: a firstpathloss for the first panel based on a first pathloss reference signal(RS); and a second pathloss for the second panel based on a secondpathloss RS; and transmit, via at least one of the first panel and thesecond panel, an uplink signal with a transmission power based on thefirst pathloss and the second pathloss.
 12. The wireless device of claim11, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or moreprocessors, further cause the wireless device to measure the firstpathloss and the second pathloss.
 13. The wireless device of claim 11,wherein the first pathloss is between the first panel and a transmissionreception point (TRP), and the second pathloss is between the secondpanel and the TRP.
 14. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein at leastone of the first pathloss RS or the second pathloss RS comprise: achannel state information reference signal; or a synchronization signalblock.
 15. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein each of the one ormore TCI states comprises one or more downlink RSs.
 16. The wirelessdevice of claim 11, wherein each of the one or more TCI states comprisesone or more sounding RSs.
 17. The wireless device of claim 11, whereinthe transmission power is an output transmission power of power controlbased on the first pathloss RS and the second pathloss RS.
 18. Thewireless device of claim 17, wherein the power control comprises a powercontrol procedure for a physical uplink shared channel.
 19. The wirelessdevice of claim 11, further comprising receiving a message activating aTCI state set comprising the one or more TCI states.
 20. A systemcomprising: a base station comprising: one or more first processors; andfirst memory storing first instructions that, when executed by the oneor more first processors, cause the base station to transmit downlinkcontrol information (DCI) indicating one or more transmissionconfiguration indication (TCI) states; and a wireless device comprising:multiple panels comprising a first panel and a second panel; one or moresecond processors; and second memory storing second instructions that,when executed by the one or more second processors, cause the wirelessdevice to: receive the DCI; determine, based on a quantity of the one ormore TCI states being greater than one: a first pathloss for the firstpanel based on a first pathloss reference signal (RS); and a secondpathloss for the second panel based on a second pathloss RS; andtransmit, via at least one of the first panel and the second panel, anuplink signal with a transmission power based on the first pathloss andthe second pathloss.